Rizal in Spain

Reason why Rizal wanted to go to Spain

Finish medicine

Hidden reason / Secret Mission for going to Spain

* observe and study European society
* polish writing skills
* lead Ph against fight with Spain

Why was Rizal’s departure was kept hidden?

To avoid detection of Spanish Gov and Friars

Paciano, Staurnina Antonio Rivera and Valenzuela Family

Knew about Rizal’s departure to Spain

Jose Mercado

Name used in his passport

Manila

Stayed for 2 days before leaving with Leonor Rivera

Santo Domingo Church

Last mass before leaving for Spain

20 yrs old

When Rizal left for Spain

Gave Rizal recommendation letter for Spain

* Pedro Paterno
* Jesuits

Pedro Paterno

Asked by Paciano to give reco letter

Jesuits

Gave Rizal recommendations to members of their society in Barcelona, Spain

Salvadora

Ship used by Rizal to go to Singapore

Salvadora

* 16 passengers
* Played chess with people on board
* Spanish Ship

Donato Lecha

Captain of the Ship Salvadora

Asturias, Spain

Where Capt. Donato Lecha was from

Hotel de la Paz

Where Rizal stayed for 2 days in Singapore

Difference between Singapore and Ph government

People seemed to have confidence in their government rather than fear of the Filipinos to their rulers

Djemnah

* Ship used to go to Europe
* Bigger and cleaner than Salvadora
* French ship managed by the Dutch
* Where Rizal tried to speak in French but was not understood

Sri Lanka / Ceylon

* Colombo, Sri Lanka
* First stop over Point de Galle
* More beautiful than Manila and Singapore

Africa

Inhospitable land but famous

Aden in Yemen

* 2nd stop over
* First time seeing merchants sell iron and leopard skins
* First time seeing camels
* Very hot place

Aden in Yemen

Incident where the seller of refreshments used bare hands to break ice using nail and place it on his drink (Not sanitary)

Arabian Peninsula

Blazing sun and hot sand

Suez Canal

* Shorten travel time from Philippines to Spain from 3 months to 1 month
* In Egypt

Ferdinand de Lesseps

Created the Suez Canal

Egypt

* Multiracial inhabitants speaking diff languages (Arabic, Greek, Egyptian, African and Spanish)
* Mixture of customs from East and West

Naples, Italy

* Business activities, lively people and panoramic beauty
* Visited Mt Vesuvius and Castle of St. Elmo

Marseilles, France

End destination of the Djemnah

Cheatue D’If

place where Dante (hero of Count of Monte Cristo) was imprisoned

Sketches of Rizal

* Parting view of Manila
* Lighthouse in Singapore
* Castle of St. Elmo
* Aden, Yemen

Spain

* Train from France
* Indifference of Spanish authorities to tourists compared to courtesy in France (Faced discrimination even with a 1st-class ticket)

Barcelona

* Capital of Cataluña
* 2nd largest city in Spain

First Impression of Barcelona

* Dark, ugly and with dirty inns, people were not very hospitable
* But enjoyed freedom and liberalism

Las Ramblas

Favorite street of RIzal

Plaza de Cataluña Cafe

Where a welcome party for Rizal was hosted by classmates from Ateneo

Gerona

One of the cities Rizal liked

* Gerona, Tarlac (Tarlac is where Leonor lived)

June 23, 1882

Rizal wrote a letter to his parents about his travels from Port Said to Barcelona. He also requested his birth certificate and statement with parents in the Philippines

June 29, 1882

Rizal wrote a letter expressing disappointment for not having received any letter from anyone in the Philippines

Amor Patrio (Love of Country)

First nationalistic essay of Rizal published in Diariong Tagalog by 21 yrs old

* publish in Spanish and Tagalog (MHDP)

Basilio Teodoro

Who Riza gave his article to

Editor of Diariong Tagalog

Laong-Laan

Pen-name of Rizal

Francisco Calvo

Editor of Diariong Tagalog who requested more articles from Rizal

Los Viajes (Travels)

2nd article of Rizal to be published in Diariong Tagalog

Revista de Madrid (Review of Madrid)

Not published due to newspaper shutting done (lack of funds)

Rizal received a letter from

Jose M Cecilio

Basilio Teodoro

Paciano

Basilio Teodoro’s Letter

Cholera epidemic in Manila and other provinces

Paciano’ Letter

* Epidemic
* Praying novena to St. Roque
* Reminded Rizal to finish medicine

Jose M Cecilio’ Letter

Letter that Leonor Rivera is getting thinner; Chenggoy

Rizal’s Allowance

Decreased from ₱50 →₱35

Unibersidad de Central Madrid

2 courses

* Philosophy and Letters
* Medicine

Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando

Studied painting while enrolled in Unibesidad de Central Madrid

Academy of San Carlos

Studied French, German and Spanish

Hall of Arms of Sanz and Carbonell

Studied shooting and fencing

Rizal contemplated taking an exam in?

In Roman Law to pursue law

Rizal’s Budget in Madrid

₱700

Most of the budget is used in

Food, clothes, lodging and books

Mardid Lottery

* Pastime is drawing lots sa Lottery (Nataya sa loto)
* Extra pesetas

Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey

* Former mayor of Manila
* Now Vice President of Council of Ph in the Ministry of Colonies
* Father of Consuelo

Consuelo Ortiga y Perez

* C.O.y P.
* Visited by Rizal Every Saturday (when visiting Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey)

Don Miguel Morayta

* Rizal’s teacher and advocate for freedom and self determination
* Champion of students from colonies

Don Miguel Morayta

Expelled from University and his students clashed in the streets of Madrid

Don Miguel Morayta

Statesman, Professor and writer

Francisco Pi y Margal

Journalist and Statesman admired by Rizal

A La Senorita COyP

(To Ms COyP)

Poem to COyP from Rizal

Pastime of Rizal

Reading not gambling and & flirting

His notable books in his collection

* Wandering Jew
* Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Triumvirate of Propaganda Movement

* Jose Rizal
* Graciano Lopez Jaena
* Marcelo H Del Pilar

Circulo Hispano-Filipino

* Spanish Filipino Circle
* Society formed by Spaniards and Filipinos

Mi Piden Versos ( They ask me for Verses)

Poem written by Rizal and recited inNew Year’ve reception

* About politics centering reforms in the Ph

Don Francisco

* Rizal gave a letter to him about Circulo Hispano-Filipino

Disintegration of the Circulo Hispano-Filipino

Due to differences of old and young members

Conservative group distanced themselves from the group

Miguel Morayta

* Progressive liberal
* Grandmaster of Spanish Masonry

Pope Leo XIII

Wrote Encyclical Humanum Genus against Masonry

Freemasonry

* Outlawed by Hcurch brcause it goes against their doctrine
* Members are sinners
* Knowledge is achieved by light of reason and brotherhood of man

Lodge Acacia

First masonic group based in Madrid

Rizal joined to secure aid to fight against the friars

Lodge Solidaridad

Where Rizal served as Master Mason

* only a lukewarm role

Science, Virtue and Labor

Masonic Lecture of Rizal

Rizal’s Family in Calamba

* Underwent financial crisis due to harvest failure
* Hacienda manager increased rent

Rizal’s Pony

Paciano sold the pony due to financial crisis

Contest in Greek in the University

Rizal won without eating

National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid

1st Place = Spoliarium

2nd Place = Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace

Spoliarium

Juan Luna

Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace

Felix Resurrecion Hidalgo

Rizal 1st Speech

About hoping for reforms in the Philippines; many Hated it

El Liberal

Newspaper that mentioned the 1st speech pf Rizal that reached the Philippines

Dona Teodora

Warned Rizal to stop writing articles that offend the friars and stop studies it might lead to his demise

Paciano

informed him of the effects and warned him to be careful

Reason of Morayta’s excommunication

Had an inaugural speech had liberal theme - condemned by priests

Massive student demonstration involving Rizal

Due to Morayta’s excommuniction

Rector of Uniberside de Central Madrid

Was replaced due to supporting Morayta

Madrid Press

Reported the events of Student demonstratiom

Rizal’s response to his mother’s warning

TLDR: He will still continue to write against Friars

Best legacy a parent can give to their children

* upright judgment
* generosity in the exercise of rights
* perseverance in adversity

Rizal was awarded Licientiate of Medicine

Rating of Aprobado or Fair

Grades in Spain in Med

Lower than in UST

Doctor of Medicine

Title was not awarded to Rizal

Reason for not having the title “Doctor of Medicine”

Did not present a thesis due to not paying fees

Can practice but not teach a subject

Maximo Viola

Lent Rizal money to pay fees and practice medicine

Rizal was Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters

Rating of sobrasaliente or excellent

Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters

Allowed him to be a professor of humanities in Spain