Studied by 62 people
Super delegate
usually a party leader or activist who is not pledged to a candidate based on the outcome of the states primary or caucus.
Civil disobedience
intentionally breaking a law to call attention to an injustice.
Globalization
the increasing interconnectedness of people, businesses, and counties throughout the world.
Political participation
the different ways in which individuals take action to shape the laws and policies of a gov.
Super PAC
an organization that may spend an unlimited amount of money on a political campaign, as long as the spending is not coordinated with a campaign.
Free riders
individuals who enjoy collective goods and benefit from the actions of an interest group without joining.
Fiscal policy
government use of taxes and spending to attempt to lower unemployment, support economic growth, and stabilize the economy.
National convention
a meeting where delegates officially select their partys nominee for the presidency.
Iron triangle
the coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals.
Issue network
the webs of influence between interest groups, policymakers, and policy advocates.
Revolving door
the movement of individuals between positions in government and lobbying positions.
Political ideology
set of beliefs about what should happen as the result of the process of governance.
Protest
a public demonstration designed to call attention to the need for change.
Recruitment
the process through which political parties identify potential candidates.
Random digit dialing
the use of telephone numbers randomly generated by computer to select potential survey respondents.
Poll tax
payment required by a state or federal government before a citizen is allowed to vote.
Political culture
the dominant set of beliefs, customs, traditions, and values that define the relationship btwn citizens and government
American core political values
individualism, equality of opportunity, free enterprise system, rule of law, limited government
Individualism
the belief that individuals should be responsible for themselves and for the decisions they make
Laissez-faire / free enterprise
an economic system in which government intrudes as little as possible in the economic transactions among citizens and businesses
Rule of law
the principle that no one, including public officials, is above the law
Political socialization
the experiences and factors that shape an individuals political values, attitudes, and behaviors
Political ideology
an individuals coherent set of beliefs about government and politics
Generational effect
the impact of historical events experienced by a generation upon their political views
Life-cycle effect
the impact of a persons age and stage in life on their political views
Globalization
the increasing interconnectedness of people, businesses, and counties throughout the world
Multinational corporations
companies that make, transport, and market goods and services in 2 or more countries
Nongovernmental organizations
independent groups outside the government that work toward a public cause
Intergovernmental organizations
consists of member states like EU
North American Trade Agreement
1993 increased trade between US, Canada, and Mexico
Trans-Pacific Partnership
regional trade agreement btwn 12 nations along pacific rim
Outsourcing
when a company moves its business to a place where labor costs are cheaper or production is more efficient because workers work longer hours
Public opinion
the sum of individual attitudes about government, policies, and issues
Focus group
a small group of individuals assembled for a conversation about specific issues
Scientific poll
a representative poll of randomly selected respondents with a statistically significant sample size, using neutral language
Sample
a group of individuals from a larger population used to measure public opinion
Random selection
a method of choosing all poll respondents in a way that does not over, or underrepresented any group of the population
representative sample
a sample that reflects the demographics of the population
Weighting
a procedure in which the survey is adjusted according to the demographics of the larger population
Sampling error
margin of error in a poll, which is usually calculated to plus or minus three percentage points
Mass survey
a survey designed to measure the opinions of the population, usually consisting of 1,500 responses
Entrance survey
a poll conducted of people coming to an event
Exit poll
a survey conducting outside a polling place in which individuals are asked who or what they just voted for and why
Benchmark poll
a survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign in order to gauge support for a candidate and determine which issues are important to voters
Tracking poll
a survey determining the level of support for a candidate or an issues throughout a campaign
Question order
the sequence of questions in public order polls
Question wording
the phrasing of a question in a public opinion poll
Political ideology
set of beliefs about what should happen as the result of the process of governance
Right
something guaranteed, that the government cannot take away
Privilege
something a person may obtain or receive, but that the government can take away
Party ideology
a partys philosophy about the proper role of government and its set of positions on major issues
Party identification
an individuals attachment to a political party
Conservatism
an ideology favoring more control of social behavior, fewer regulations on businesses, and less government interference in the economy
Liberalism
an ideology favoring less government control over social behavior and more greater regulation of businesses and of the economy
Libertarianism
an ideology favoring very little government regulation and intervention beyond protecting private property and individual liberty
Command-and-control economy
economic policy in which government dictates much of a nations economic activity, including the amount of production and price for goods
mixed economy
economic policy in which many economic decisions are left to individuals and businesses, with the government regulating economic activity
gross domestic product
the total value of goods and services produced by an economy
Economic recession
a period decline in economic activity, typically defined by 2 consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth
Unemployment rate
the percentage of people actively looking for work who cannot find jobs
Inflation
the rise in prices of goods and services
Consumer price index
the coast of fixed basket of goods and services over time, used to measure the cost of living
Keynesianism
because prices are somewhat rigid, fluctuations in any component of spending-consumption, investment, or government expenditures-cause output to change
Supply-side theory
an economic concept whereby increasing the supply of goods leads to economic growth
Monetary theory
the government should match the growth of the money supply to the growth in economic productivity
Federal reserve system
a board of governors, Federal reserve banks, and member banks responsible for monetary policy
Monetary policy
a set of economic policy tools designed to regulate the amount of money in the economy
Medicare
a federal program that provides health insurance to seniors and the disabled
Medicaid
a federal program that provides health care for the poor
Political action committees
an organization that raises money to elect and defeat candidates and may donate money directly to a candidates campaign, subject to limits
Soft money loophole
money that could be donated to support a candidates campaign but not directly to their campaign
Linkage institutions
channels that connect individuals with gov, including elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media
Social movement
the joining of individuals seeking social or political change with the goal of placing issues on the policy agenda
franchise/suffrage
the right to vote
26th amendment
allows 18 year old and older to vote
24th amendment
prohibits congress and the states from imposing poll taxes as a condition for voting in federal elections
Poll tax
payment required by a state or federal government before a citizen is allowed to vote
Voter turnout
the number of eligible voters who participate in an election as a percentage of the total number of eligible voters
Demographic characteristics
measurable characteristics of a population, such as economic status, education, race or ethnicity, and gender
Socioeconomic status (SES)
a measure of an individuals wealth, income, occupation, and educational attainment
Political efficacy
a persons belief that they can make effective political change
Political mobilization
efforts by political parties to encourage their members to vote
Registration requirements
the set of rules that govern who can vote and how, when, and where they vote
Rational choice voting
voting based on what a citizen believe is in their best interest
retrospective voting
voting based on an assessment of an incumbents past performance
prospective voting
casting a ballot for a candidate who promises to enact policies favored by the voter in the future
Party-line voting
voting for candidates who belong only to one political party for all of the offices on the ballot
Electoral college
a constitutionally required process for selecting the president through the slates of electors chosen in each state, who are pledged to vote for a nominee in the presidential election
Winner-takes-all system
a system of elections in which the candidate who wins the plurality of votes within a state receives all of that states votes in the electoral college
Battleground states
a state where the polls show a close contest between the candidate in a presidential election
Swing state
a state where levels of support for the parties are similar and the elections swing back and forth between Democrats and Republicans
Get out the vote (GOTV)
efforts to mobilize supporters
Political party
an organized group of party leaders and voters who work together to elect candidates to political office
Main roles
(1) recruit, nominate, and support candidates for political office (2) In the electorate, they provide labels that voters can use as shortcuts in identifying candidates closer to their political ideologies (3) In gov, they enact policy positions of its members and acts as an opposition to the majority party when it is in the minority
Party identification
the degree to which a voter is connected to and influenced by a particular political party
Slight-ticket voting
voting for all the candidates on the ballot from one political party
Split-ticket voting
voting for candidates from different parties in the same election
Party platform
a set of positions and policy objectives that members of a political party agree to
Recruitment
the process through which political parties identify potential candidates
Party coalition
groups of voters who support a political party over time
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Flashcard (24)