Psychology test 4

Absolute threshold

Absolute threshold

the smallest level of energy required by an external stimulus to be detectable by the human senses (what we can detect 50% of the time.)

Difference threshold

The minimum amount of change that can be detected

Sensation

Detecting information from our senses. ( Someone talking)

Perception

Putting meaning into our senses ( who is talking)

Bottom- up process

information that analyzes raw stimuli ( new information) entering.

Top-down process

information that draws our expectations and experiences.

Trichromatic Theory

Our ability to see color( it is based of 3 colors, red, blue, and green.)

Opponent process

Both colors can’t majorly show at the same time (one always overpowers the other)

Sensory adaptations

Our sensory becomes less sensitive to constant stimulation.

Cocktail party effect (selective attention)

Focusing on something that grabs your attention.

Subliminal stimulation

We are not paying attention to our surroundings but our brain is.

Localization of sound

Wherever the sound comes from is where we go/look.

Phantom limb pain

Frequent complication of past amputations, surgery, or removed body parts.

Nerve deafness

hair cells are damaged in cochlea due to loud sounds ( Permanent)

Sensory interaction

One sense may influence the other. ( Can’t smell… can’t taste)

Vestibular sense

Our sense of balance that comes from semicircular canals.

Kinesthetic sense

Our brain knowing where our body parts are. ( we know where our arm is on the table)

Conduction deafness

Sound/vibrations are doing something unusual. ( replaceable with hearing aids)

Gestalt

Takes pieces of information and forms it into a whole meaning.

Figure ground

In a picture, we pick out the main figure and put everything else in the background.

Frequency

Determines the pitch

Pitch

Perceived frequency of sound, it determines how high or low the sound is to someone.

Gestalt grouping - Proximity

Things that are close together we group. ( two apples and two oranges)

Gestalt grouping- Similarity

Things that look the same we group. ( 4 black lines)

Gestalt grouping- Continuity

Things that have a continuous pattern we group. ( following the way the dots go)

Gestalt grouping- Closure

If parts are missing we fill them. ( If triangle was missing a line we would automatically fill it in)

Binocular cues

Require both eyes. ( focuses on distances and depth)

Convergence ( binocular)

When focusing on a close object your eyes go inward.

Monocular cues

Use of one eye. ( judge of distances and to perceive 3-dimensional world).

Interposition ( monocular)

When an object overlaps the other.

Cones

Responsible for color vision.

Iris

Colored part of the eye( controls amount of light that enters the eye)

Lens

Transparent structure( allows us to see clearly)

Pupil

Opening in the center of the Iris and also allows light to come into the eye.

Retina

Allows us to perceive images by converting light into electrical signals.

Cornea

“ Primary lens” ( Focuses light onto the retina)

Eardrum

Vibrates in response to sound

Cochlea

fluid filled, hair cells sensory turns into electrical signals.