Honors Biology: Chapter 3-4 Quiz

What does the biosphere include?

all life on earth

Ecology is the scientific study of ___ among organisms, populations, and communities.

interactions

Human economies depend on healthy ___ systems.

ecological

What is a population?

a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

What is a community?

all the different populations that live together in an area

What is an ecosystem?

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

What is a biotic factor?

any living part of the environment

What is an abiotic factor?

nonliving part of the environment

What does the atmosphere include?

all the gases that surround Earth

What does the hydrosphere include?

all of Earth's water

What does the geosphere include?

features of the earths surface such as continents, rocks, and the sea floor

What are the four spheres of Earth?

hydrosphere, geosphere, biosphere, atmosphere

What are autotrophs?

organisms that produce their own food

What are autotrophs called?

primary producers

What are heterotrophs?

organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things; consumers

What is detritus?

small pieces of dead and decaying plant and animal remains

What process do producers use to produce carbohydrates?

photosynthesis

What process do producers use to produce carbohydrates in the ocean?

chemosynthesis

What is a herbivore?

an organism that only eats plants

What is a carnivore?

an organism that only eats animals

What is an omnivore?

an organism that eats both plants and animals

What is a detritivore?

an organism that feeds off of dead organic material (detritus)

What is a decomposer?

an organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter

What is a scavenger?

an organism that eats dead or decaying material

What is a primary producer?

organisms that acquire their energy from sunlight and materials from nonliving sources

What is a primary consumer?

organisms that eat producers (herbivores)

What is a secondary consumer?

an organism that feeds on primary consumers (could be an omnivore)

What is a tertiary consumer?

an organism that feeds on secondary consumers

What are ALL the levels of organization (smallest to largest)?

atom, molecule, macromolecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

What are the levels of organization starting from organism (smallest to largest)?

organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

What is a food web?

the feeding relationships between all organisms in an ecosystem

What is a food chain?

a series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy.

What are ecological pyramids?

diagrams that show the relationships between trophic levels in an ecosystem

What is a trophic level?

each step in a food chain or food web

What is a pyramid of biomass?

it shows the relative amount of organic matter at each trophic level

What is a pyramid of energy?

it shows the relative amount of energy available at each trophic level

What is a pyramid of numbers?

it shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level

What percentage of energy is available from one trophic level to the next?

10%

Energy that is not used for life processes is released into the environment as...

heat

When might a pyramid of numbers appear "upside down?"

when consumers are smaller in size and mass than the organisms they feed upon (insects feeding on one tree)

Who is the producer in this food chain?

tree --> insect --> bird --> fox

tree

Who is the primary consumer in this food chain?

tree --> insect --> bird --> fox

insect

Who is the secondary consumer in this food chain?

tree --> insect --> bird --> fox

bird

Who is the tertiary consumer in this food chain?

tree --> insect --> bird --> fox

fox

Which is correct?

A. rabbit --> fox

B. rabbit

A.