APUSH gaslighting the sequel (chp. 30-31)

Bolshevik Revolution

Fears of red Russia continued to fear Americans several years after the Communists came to power during this revolution of 1917, which spawned a tiny communist party in America Americans drew the conclusion that labor troubles were from Russian communists. Americans depict Bolsheviks as evil and should be in jail - negatively described

Red Scare

A period during the early 20th century during which Americans grew afraid of a Communist takeover, caused by the Russian Revolution. Radicals and foreigners were targeted. Federal Bureau of Investigation.

General A. Mitchell

thought many people were suspects because he thought they were communists - “saw red” too easily, earned the title of the “Fighting Quaker” by his excess of zeal in rounding up suspects. Totaled about 6,000 suspects

Syndicalism Laws

Various states joined the pack in the outcry against radicals. In 1919-1920 a number of legislatures, reflecting the anxiety of “solid” citizens, passed these criminal laws. These anti-red statues, some of which were born of the war, made unlawful the mere advocacy of violence to secure social change.

American Plan

Labor’s call for the “closed,” or all-union, shop was denounced as “Sovietism in disguise” Employers, in turn, hailed their own antiunion campaign for the “open” shop

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

Newcomers from Europe were restricted in any given year to a definite quota, which was set at 3% of the people of their nationality who had been living in the United States in 1910. Relatively favorable to the immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, for by 1910 immense numbers of them had already arrived

Immigration Act of 1924

Quotas for foreigners were cut from 3% to 2%. The national origins base was shifted from the census of 1910 to 1890, by which time comparatively few southern Europeans had arrived. marked the end of an era- a period of virtually unrestricted immigration that in the preceding century had brought some 35 million newcomers to the US, mostly from Europe. “Cultural pluralists” opposed immigration restrictions 

18th amendment

This constitutional amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages, ushering in the era known as prohibition.

Volstead Act

A federal act enforcing the eighteenth amendment, which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

Racketeers

People who obtain money illegally by fraud, bootlegging, gambling, or threats of violence.

Al Capone

• In 1925, “Scarface” + “Public Enemy #1”, a grasping and murderous booze distributor, began 6 years of gang welfare that netted him millions of blood-splattered dollars

• He was finally convicted in 1932 for income tax evasion

• Gangsters mostly took part in prostitution, gambling, and narcotics

Charles A. Lindbergh

• Criminal callousness sankt to new depths in 1932 with the kidnapping for ransom, and eventual murder, of the infant son of aviator-hero Charles A. Lindbergh

• The entire nation was inexpressibly shocked and saddened, causing congress in 1932 to pass the so-called Lindburgh Law, making interstate abduction in certain circumstances a death-penalty offense

• In 1927 modest and skillful Charles Lindbergh, electrified the world with the first solo west-to-east conquest of the Atlantic

  • Seeking a prize of $25,000, he piloted his single-engine plane the Spirit of St. Louis from NY to Paris in 33 hours 

• Lindbergh was considered a hero and boosted the infant aviation industry

Scope-Monkey Trial

• Set in Dayton, in eastern Tennessee, in 1925

• John T. Scopes, a biology teacher was indicted for teaching evolution

• He was defended by nationally known attorneys such as William Jennings Bryan - ardent Presbyterian Fundamentalist

• The clash between theology and biology was inconclusive

• He was found guilty and fined $100 but then the fine was set aside on a technicality 

• Kind of a victory of the Fundamentalists

Fundamentalism

• emphasis on literal reading of the bible, it remained a vibrant force in American spiritual life, it was especially strong in the Baptist Church and in the rapidly growing Churches of Christ, organized in 1906

Scientific Management

• The efficiency techniques came from Frederick W. Taylor, a prominent inventor, engineer, and tennis player who sought to eliminate wasted motion 

• His epitaph reads “Father of Scientific Management”

• Scientific management, also called Taylorism, is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows. Its main objective is improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity.

Fordism

• an economic system based on mass production and mass consumption 

Marcus Garvey

• Marcus Garvey - A political leader, Jamaican born

  • Founded the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) to promote the resettlement of American blacks in their own “African homeland”

  • UNIA sponsered businesses from US like the Black Star Line Steamship Company, to keep blacks’ dollars in black pockets 

  • Later is accused of mail fraud

  • Northern cities gain self-confidence and self-reliance

18th amendment

no more alcohol for you my friend

Volstead Act

enforces the 18th amendment

racketeers

a person who engages in dishonest and fraudulent business dealings.

19th amendment

“The right of citizens of the US to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any state on account of sex”

sheppard-towner act

 Designed to appeal to new women voters, provided federally financed instruction in maternal and infant health care and expanded the role of government in family welfare