2.1 Knowt Flashcards Bryce LaRoche

What does cytology mean

The study of cells

What is cell theory

All living things are made of cells which are the basic units of life

Who are the three scientists who came up with the idea of cell theory?

Matthias Schleiden, Theodor, Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow

How are cells limited in size?

If a cell gets too big it can’t move nutrients and waste efficiently

What does pro- mean

Before or primitive

What does Karyo- mean

Nucleus

What are fimbriae?

Hairlike structures on prokaryotic cells that help them stick to things

What is the nucleoid?

The area of a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is

What does -oid mean

To resemble

What does eu- mean

True or good

How big are animal cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

Animal cells are 10-100 micrometers while prokaryotic cells are 1-10 micrometers.

What is the cell membrane?

A semipermeable membrane that protects the cell and controls what enters and exits it.

What does the cell membrane act as?

A gatekeeper of the cell (selective barrier)

What does semi-permeable mean?

It allows some substances to pass through while blocking others

Describe the phospholipid bilayer

Two layers of phospholipids, with hydrophilic and hydrophobic heads face outward to the water and inwards away from the water respectively

What does philia mean?

Attraction towards

What does phobic mean?

Repulsion of

What are microvili?

Tiny fingerlike projections on certain cells that increase their surface area to improve absorption

What is cytoplasm made up of?

Cytosol, organelles, and other dissolved molecules

What happens when too much waste accumulates in the cell?

It becomes toxic and can kill the cell

What do all living things need to be surrounded by?

A cell membrane (could other answers include water or shelter?)

What is the purpose of the phospholipid bi-layer?

To form a semi-permeable boundary that maintains homeostasis

What are embedded proteins?

Proteins in a membrane that help transport, signal, or recognize substances

What are ion channels?

Protein channels that allow specific ions to pass through the membrane

What are transporter (carrier) proteins?

Proteins that move molecules across the membrane, often by changing shape.

What are enzymes?

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowing the activation energy

What are receptor sites?

Areas on proteins where signaling molecules bind

What are recognition sites?

Protein regions that help cells identify each other, which is mainly important for the immune system

What are side effects?

Unintended consequences of a drug or treatment.

What are two immunosuppressant drugs?

Cyclosporine and azathioprine, both of which are used to prevent organ transplant rejection

What is thalidomide?

A drug originally used as a sedative to treat morning sickness

What was the side effect of thalidomide?

Severe birth defects when taken during pregnancy