CNA MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE

What is Long-Term Care?

Care provided for individuals with chronic illnesses or disabilities over an extended period.

What are common settings for Long-Term Care?

Nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and home care.

What is Hospice care?

Care focused on comfort and quality of life for terminally ill patients.

What are the goals of Hospice care?

Pain management, emotional support, and dignity in end-of-life care.

What qualities are important in professionalism?

Reliability, integrity, accountability, and respect.

Why is professionalism important in healthcare?

Ensures trust and effective care in healthcare settings.

What is the policy regarding accepting gifts from residents?

Generally discouraged to maintain professional boundaries.

What are the ethical implications of accepting gifts from residents?

Avoid conflicts of interest and maintain impartiality.

What is Accountability in healthcare?

Taking responsibility for actions and decisions in patient care.

Give examples of accountability in healthcare.

Accurate documentation, timely reporting of incidents.

What does it mean to show empathy?

Understanding and sharing the feelings of others.

How can you show empathy?

Active listening, validating feelings, and providing support.

Who is the most important person in the care team?

The resident is the central focus of the care team.

Why is the resident's role important in the care team?

Ensures care is tailored to individual needs and preferences.

What is the scope of a Nursing Assistant (NA)?

Assist with daily living activities, basic care tasks.

What is the role of nurses compared to NAs?

Includes assessments, medication administration, and care planning.

What is the chain of command in healthcare?

Understanding the reporting structure in healthcare settings.

Why is understanding the chain of command important?

Ensures effective communication and problem resolution.

What are the requirements for NA training?

State-approved programs, certification exams, and ongoing education.

What are residents' rights?

Privacy, dignity, informed consent, and participation in care decisions.

Why are residents' rights important?

Protects residents' autonomy and well-being.

What are the different types of abuse?

Physical, emotional, sexual, financial, and neglect.

What are some signs of abuse?

Unexplained injuries, withdrawal, fearfulness, and poor hygiene.

What is the difference between Assult and Battery?

Assault is a threat or attempt to harm; Battery is actual physical contact or harm.

What is Negligence?

Failure to provide the standard of care, resulting in harm.

Give examples of Negligence.

Ignoring a resident's needs, improper use of equipment.

What is a Policy?

A set of guidelines or rules.

What is a Procedure?

Step-by-step instructions to carry out policies.

How should one respond to surveyors?

Be honest, provide requested information, and follow protocols.

What are ethical principles in healthcare?

Autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice.

What is the Code of Ethics?

Provides a framework for professional conduct.

What is OBRA?

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987.

Why do we have OBRA?

Improved standards for nursing home care, residents' rights.

What should you do if you witness abuse?

Follow facility protocols, report to a supervisor or authorities.

What is the role of an Ombudsman?

Advocate for residents' rights and address complaints.

What is HIPAA?

Protects patient privacy and health information.

What are the key provisions of HIPAA?

Confidentiality, security measures, patient rights.

What is the difference between verbal and nonverbal communication?

Verbal is spoken or written words; Nonverbal is body language and gestures.

What is a Root in medical terminology?

Main part of a word.

What is a Prefix in medical terminology?

Added to the beginning to modify meaning.

What is a Suffix in medical terminology?

Added to the end to modify meaning.

What is Military Time?

24-Hour clock used to avoid confusion in healthcare.

What is the importance of documentation in healthcare?

Legal record of care provided.

When should documentation occur?

Immediately after care is given.

What is the difference between objective and subjective information?

Objective is observable facts; Subjective is based on personal opinions.

Why is it important to know your senses in care?

For observing changes in residents' conditions and early detection of issues.

What is an Incident in healthcare?

An unplanned event that affects safety.

What should you do after witnessing an Incident?

Report and document according to facility policy.

What is a Code Status?

Definitions like DNR (Do Not Resuscitate), full code, etc.

What is the significance of Code Status?

Guides emergency care decisions.

What are techniques to treat visually and hearing-impaired residents?

Use clear communication, assistive devices.

How to approach an anxious and depressed resident?

Provide reassurance, listen actively.

What is the difference between Aggressive and Assertive?

Aggressive is hostile behavior; Assertive is confident and respectful communication.

How to treat a resident's sexual behaviors?

Maintain professionalism and respect residents' rights.

How to treat confused residents?

Use simple language and provide orientation cues.

How to care for residents in a coma?

Provide basic needs and prevent complications.

What is holistic care?

Treating the whole person, not just symptoms.

What is Maslow's Hierarchy?

Pyramid of human needs from basic to self-actualization.

Why is cultural diversity important in healthcare?

Respect and adapt to diverse backgrounds.

What is the role of NA and family members?

Family involvement in care planning and support.

What is true about elderly people?

Aging varies widely; not all elderly are frail or dependent.

What are developmental disabilities?

Conditions like autism and Down syndrome that can restrict abilities.

What are key strategies for infection prevention?

Hand hygiene, use of PPE, proper waste disposal.

What is the difference between localized and systemic infection?

Localized infection is confined; systemic affects the whole body.

What is Sterilization?

Eliminates all forms of microbial life.

What is Disinfection?

Reduces harmful microorganisms to a safe level.

What are the links in the chain of infection?

Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host.

How can you break the chain of infection?

Handwashing, vaccines, isolation.

What is a susceptible host?

An individual more likely to get an infection due to weakened immunity.

Why are elderly people at greater risk for infection?

Weaker immune system, chronic health conditions, decreased mobility.

What are standard precautions?

Basic steps for all patients like hand hygiene.

What are transmission precautions?

Extra measures based on the mode of transmission.

What are PPE types?

Gloves, gowns, masks, eye protection.

How should PPE be used?

Proper donning and doffing to prevent contamination.

What is the importance of handwashing?

Most effective way to prevent infection.

What are the steps in handwashing?

Wet, lather, scrub, rinse, dry.

What are SDS and proper spill response?

Information on handling chemicals; contain, clean, report.

What is the purpose of isolation?

Prevent spreading infections.

What are the types of isolation precautions?

Contact, droplet, airborne precautions.

What is OSHA?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

What is the purpose of OSHA?

Ensure safe working conditions.

What is HBV?

Hepatitis B Virus, affects the liver.

How can HBV be prevented?

Vaccination, avoid sharing needles.

What is MRSA?

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

How can MRSA be prevented?

Good hygiene, proper use of antibiotics.

How can falls be prevented?

Remove hazards, use assistive devices, proper supervision.

What are risk factors for falls?

Medications, poor vision, balance issues.

What is the best eating position for residents?

Sitting upright at a 90-degree angle.

Why is proper eating position important?

Reduces risk of choking and aspiration.

What are the principles of good body mechanics?

Use legs to lift, keep back straight, avoid twisting.

What is the purpose of good body mechanics?

Prevent injury to caregivers and residents.

What are the types of restraints?

Physical and chemical.

What are guidelines for using restraints?

Use as a last resort, regular monitoring required.

What checks should be made for residents with IVs?

Ensure site is clean, monitor for infection.

What precautions should be taken with IV lines?

Do not manipulate or adjust lines.

What does RACE stand for?

Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish (fire procedure).

What does PASS stand for?

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep (using a fire extinguisher).

What does CPR stand for?

Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest.

What are abdominal thrusts used for?

For choking relief.

What are normal vital sign ranges?

Temperature (97-99°F), Pulse (60-100 bpm), Respiration (12-20 bpm), Blood pressure (119/79 mmHg).