Nutrients required by the human body

What are the nutrients required by the human body?

1. Carbohydrates (Organic)

2. Proteins (Organic)

3. Lipids (Organic)

4. Vitamin (Organic)

5. Minerals (Inorganic)

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

1. It is the main source of energy

2. It is used for storage in the form of glycogen in animal cells 

What is the deficiency of carbohydrates?

1. Fatigue

2. Decreased energy level

3. 
   

What are the sources of carbohydrates?

What are the functions of protein?

1. To form new body cells 

2. To repair damaged body cells

3. To produce enzymes, hormones and haemoglobin
   

What are the deficiencies of protein?

Kwashiorkor (children) Loss of weight, slow wound healing Low immunity, prone to infections

What are the sources of protein?

What are the functions of lipids?

1. To insulate the body against cold temperatures and prevent the loss of body heat

2. To protect internal organs by serving as a cushion

3. To store energy in animals
   

What are the deficiencies of lipids?

1. Loss of required body heat therefore lowering normal body heat

2. Decrease energy level

What are the sources of lipids?

How are vitamins classified?

As fat soluble and water soluble

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Vitamin A

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

What are the functions of vitamin A?

1. Aids vision (seeing) in dim light

2. Keeps skin and mucous membrane healthy

3. Involves in growth and development
   

What are the deficiencies of vitamin A?

1. Night blindness (poor night vision)

2. Dry skin and low production of mucous

What are the sources of vitamin A?

What are the functions of vitamin B complex?

It aids in respiration and metabolism

It improves the health of the nervous system and muscle coordination

What are the deficiencies of vitamin B complex?

1. Pellagra (rashes and legions on the skin)

2. Beriberi (affects the nervous system)

3. Muscles become weak and painful

What are the sources of vitamin B complex?

What are the functions of vitamin C?

1. It aids in the development of healthy skin and gum

2. It forms a part of the immune system and the healing of wounds

3. It aids in the maintenance of cartilage, bones and teeth

What are the deficiencies of vitamin C?

1. Scurvy (weak bleeding gums an

2. Wounds fail to heal

3. Heart failure and poor immune system

What are the sources of vitamin C?

What are the functions of vitamin D?

It aids in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus 

It promotes healthy bone and teeth development

It plays a role in the immune and nervous systems

What are the deficiencies of vitamin D?

1. Rickets (bow legs and knock knees)

2. Growing bones do not calcify

3. Pelvic bone becomes deformed and may cause complications during birth

What are the sources of vitamin D?

What re the functions of vitamin E?

1. It protects the body tissues from damage caused by substances called free radicals

2. It aids in preventing conditions such as cancer, aging, and cataract (antioxidant)

What are the deficiencies of vitamin E?

1. Anaemia (breakdown of erythrocytes)

2. Breakdown of muscles

3. It may lead to the development of cancers and eye defects

4. Premature ageing

What re the sources of vitamin E?

What are the functions of vitamin K?

1. It aids in blood clotting in damaged blood vessel 

2. It aids in the proper functioning of the heart

3. It aids in proper bone formation
   

What are the deficiencies of vitamin K?

It prevents blood clotting

It leads to the malfunctioning of the heart

Poor bone formation and maintenance of growing bones

What are the sources of vitamin K?

What are the minerals?

1. Iron

2. Phosphorus

3. Calcium

4. Flourine (Floride)

What are the functions of iron?

1. It is part of a molecule (hemoglobin) found in red blood cells that carries oxygen in the body

2. It is needed for energy metabolism

What are the deficiencies of iron?

1. Lack of oxygen in body cells

2. Pale colour blood

What are the sources of iron?

What are the functions of phosphorus?

1. It is important for healthy bones and teeth

2. It is found in every cell

3. It is part of the system that maintains acid-base balance

What are the deficiencies of phosphorus?

1. Weak bones and teeth

What are the sources of phosphorus?

What are the functions of calcium?

1. It is important for healthy bones and teeth; helps muscles relax and contract   

2. It is important in nerve functioning, blood clotting, blood pressure regulation, immune system health

What are the deficiencies of calcium?

Weak bones and teeth

Poor nerves coordination

Weak immune system

What are the sources of calcium?

What are the functions of fluorine?

1.  It is involved in the formation of bones and teeth

2.  Helps prevent tooth decay

What are the deficiencies of fluorine?

1.  Weak bones and teeth

What are the sources of fluorine?