Muscular System

Types of muscle

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Function of muscles

all body movement, supports body, stabilizes joints, generates heat by contracting

Muscle cells

made of bundles of myofibrils

what are myofibrils

elongated, contraction fibers

What does skeletal muscle attach to?

the skeleton

are skeletal muscles voluntary?

yes

what does voluntary mean?

muscles are under conscious control

How are skeletal muscles shaped?

striated, tube shapes, mutinucleated

What does cardiac muscle form?

the heart

Is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary?

involuntary

what does involuntary mean?

it not under conscious movement

how are cardiac muscles shaped?

striated, tubular branches, has 1 nucleus

What does smooth muscle form?

the walls of internal organs

Are smooth muscles voluntary or involuntary?

involuntary

How are smooth muscles shaped?

spindle shaped, non-striated, have 1 nucleus

What does striated mean?

striped or bonded

What is the function of the orbicularis oculi?

Allows the eyes to close, squint, blink and wink

What is the zygomaticus referred to as?

the smiling muslce

what does the masseter do?

closes the jaw

what does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do?

it flexes the neck when they contract; bowing the head

What happens in there is only one sternocleidomastoid?

then the face rotates to the shoulder and tilts the head on its own side

Where do the trapezius muscles start and end?

begins at the occipital bone and ends at the thoracic vertebrae

Where do trapezius muscles extend to?

the head

what does the trapezius muscles do?

the do the opposite of the sternocleidomastoids

Why is the deltoid a preferred injection site for small dose intramuscular injections?

because they are bulky

what are intramuscular injections?

a method of injecting medicine directly into a muscle

What is the function of the biceps brachii?

prime mover for flexion of the forearms and acts to supinate the forearm

what is Supination

rotation

what is the function of the triceps?

allows for elbow extension

what is the tricep the antagonist of?

the bicep and brachialis

What is the function of the gluteus maximus?

brings the thigh into a straight line with the pelvis

What is the function of the hamstring group?

allows for thigh extension and knee flexion

How many muscles make up the quadriceps group?

4

What do the quadricep muscles do?

they extend the knee powerfully

What are fibularis muscles superior to?

the fibula

what is the tibalis anterior superfical to?

the muscles on the anterior tibia

What is the gastrocnemius muscle commonly called?

toe dancers muscle

what happens if the achilles tendon is cut?

walking becomes very difficult

What are the radialis and ulnaris muscles superior to?

the radius and ulna

what is the function of the extensor digitorum muscle?

extends fingers

Where is the orbicularis oculi located?

around the eyes

What is the function of the orbicularis oculi?

allows eyes to close, blink, squint, wink

What muscle allows eyes to close, blink, squint, wink?

orbicularis oculi

Where is the zygomaticus located?

cheekbone to corner of mouth

What muscle is located from the cheek bone to corner of mouth?

zygomaticus

What is the function of the zygomaticus?

Smiling muscle

What is the smiling muscle?

zygomaticus

What muscle is located around the eyes?

orbicularis oculi

Where is the masseter located?

below cheekbone, in front of ear

what muscle is located below the cheekbone and in front of ear

masseter

What is the function of the masseter?

Closed the jaw

what muscle closed the jaw?

masseter

where is the sternocleidomastoid located?

clavicle/sternum to behind ears

what muscle is located from behind the ears to the clavicle/sternum?

sternocleidomastoid

What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid?

allows for the flexing of the neck and rotation of head

what muscle allows for the flexing of the neck and rotation of head?

sternocleidomastoid

Where is the trapezius located?

upper back and neck region (occipital bone to thoracic vertebrae)

what muscle is located in upper back and neck region (occipital bone to thoracic vertebrae)?

trapezius

What is the function of the trapezius?

extends head and elevates shoulder blade

What muscle extends the head and elevated the shoulder blade?

trapezius

Where is the deltoid located?

in the shoulder joint

what muscle is located in the should joint?

deltoid

what is the function of the deltoid?

raises arms sideways, flexes and extends arm forward, lifts arm to the side

What muscle raises arms sideways, flexes and extends arm forward, lifts arm to the side?

deltoid

Where is the bicep brachii located?

anterior side of upper arm

What muscle is on the anterior side of the upper arm?

biceps brachii

What is the function of the biceps branchii?

Flexes (bends the elbow)

What muscle bends/flexes the elbow?

biceps branchii

Where is the rectus abdominis located?

anterior of abdomen

what muscle is located on the anterior of the abdomen?

rectus abdominis

What is the function of the rectus abdominis?

flexes the spine

what muscle flexes the spine

rectus abdominis

Where is the external oblique located?

lower ribs to pelvis

what muscle is located from the lower ribs to pelvis?

external oblique

What is the function of the external oblique?

twisting at waist, bending to side

What muscle allows for twisting at waist, bending to side?

external oblique

Where is the pectoralis major located?

anterior chest wall

What muscle is located in the anterior chest wall?

pectoralis major

What is the function of the pectoralis major?

Helps bring the arms together across the chest

What muscle helps bring the arms together across the chest

pectoralis major

Where are the tricep branchii located?

posterior of upper arm

What muscle is located in the posterior of upper arm

tricep branchii

what is the function of the tricep branchii?

extension of elbow joint

what muscle allows for extension of elbow joint?

tricep branchii

Where is the latissimus dorsi located?

side of back to armpit

What muscle is located from the side of back to armpit?

latissimus dorsi

What is the function of the latissimus dorsi?

produces shoulder/arm movement/moves trunk forward forward and upward

What muscle produces shoulder/arm movement/moves trunk forward forward and upward?

latissimus dorsi

Where is the gluteus maximum located?

Posterior pelvic region

What muscle is located in the posterior pelvic region?

gluteus maximus

What is the function of the gluteus maximus?

hip extension, external rotation, pelvic stability

What muscle is responsible for hip extension, external rotation, pelvic stability?

gluteus maximus

Where is the hamstring group located?

back of upper leg

what muscle is located in the back of upper leg

hamstring group

what is the function of the hamstring group?

extend hip, flexes knee

What muscle allows for hip extension and knee flexation?

hamstring group

where is the gastrocnemius located?

back of lower leg

What muscle is located in the back of lower leg?

gastrocnemius

What is the function of the gastrocnemius?

walking, running, jumping, knee flexion, pull on Achilles tendon

What muscle allows for walking, running, jumping, knee flexion, pull on Achilles tendon

gastrocnemius