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55 Terms
Waving the Bloody Shirt
The political tactic of using Civil War memories to gain support.
Tweed Ring
The corrupt political organization led by Boss Tweed in NYC.
Credit Mobilier Scandal
The 1872 scandal involving Union Pacific Railroad and Credit Mobilier construction company.
Panic of 1873
The financial crisis that triggered a severe economic depression.
Gilded Age
The late 19th century era of rapid economic growth and political corruption.
Patronage
The practice of giving government jobs to political supporters.
Compromise of 1877
The deal that settled the 1876 presidential election, ending Reconstruction.
Civil Rights Act of 1875
The law guaranteeing African Americans equal treatment in public accommodations.
Sharecropping
The system where farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a share of the crops.
Jim Crow
The laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.
Plessy v. Ferguson
The 1896 Supreme Court case upholding 'separate but equal' segregation.
Chinese Exclusion Act
The 1882 law banning Chinese immigration.
Pendleton Act
The 1883 law establishing a merit-based system for federal employment.
Homestead Strike
The 1892 labor strike at Carnegie Steel plant.
William Jennings Bryan
The politician and orator known for his 'Cross of Gold' speech.
Interstate Commerce Act
The 1887 law regulating railroads.
Vertical Integration
The practice of controlling all aspects of production from raw materials to finished goods.
Horizontal Integration
The practice of merging with competitors to monopolize a market.
Trust
The business arrangement where several companies unite under a single board.
Interlocking Directorates
The practice of having executives or directors serve on multiple company boards.
Social Darwinism
The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
The 1890 law banning monopolistic practices.
National Labor Union
The first national labor federation in the U.S.
Knights of Labor
The early labor organization advocating for workers' rights.
Haymarket Square
The 1886 labor protest in Chicago that turned violent.
American Federation of Labor (AFofL)
The union of skilled workers founded in 1886.
Closed Shop
The workplace where only union members can be hired.
Samuel Gompers
The founder of the American Federation of Labor.
John D. Rockefeller
The founder of Standard Oil Company.
Andrew Carnegie
The steel magnate and philanthropist.
Cornelius Vanderbilt
The railroad and shipping tycoon.
New Immigrants
The immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe in the late 19th century.
Settlement Houses
The community centers in urban areas providing services to the poor.
Tuskegee Institute
The Black educational institution founded by Booker T. Washington.
Land-Grant Colleges
The colleges funded by the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890.
Pragmatism
The philosophy focusing on practical consequences and real-world applications.
Yellow Journalism
The sensationalist journalism aimed at attracting readers.
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
The organization advocating for prohibition.
Realism
The artistic movement focusing on depicting everyday life.
Naturalism
The literary movement portraying life accurately without idealization.
Regionalism
The literature focusing on specific geographic areas.
City Beautiful Movement
The urban planning movement promoting beautification.
Jane Addams
The social reformer and founder of Hull House.
Booker T. Washington
The educator and advocate for vocational training for African Americans.
W.E.B. Du Bois
The civil rights activist and co-founder of the NAACP.
Horatio Alger
The author of rags-to-riches stories.
Battle of Little Big Horn
The 1876 battle where Sioux defeated Custer's forces.
Battle of Wounded Knee
The 1890 massacre of Sioux by U.S. troops.
Dawes Severalty Act
The 1887 law aiming to assimilate Native Americans by dividing tribal lands.
Populists
The political party advocating for farmers and laborers.
Pullman Strike
The 1894 railway workers' strike.
Fourth Party System
The period of Republican dominance from 1896 to 1932.
Gold Standard Act
The 1900 law establishing gold as the only standard for redeeming paper money.
Fredrick Jackson Turner
The historian known for the 'Frontier Thesis.'
William McKinley
The 25th President of the United States.
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