Chapter 19: Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to entropy and Gibbs free energy from Chapter 19.

A spontaneous process occurs __ without assistance.

on its own

The reverse of a spontaneous process is __.

nonspontaneous

Spontaneous processes shift to a state where Q = __.

K

Enthalpy, __, is an indicator of spontaneity suggested by Bertholet.

ΔH

Exothermic reactions, where ΔH < 0, are __.

spontaneous

The process of melting ice can be categorized as __ at room temperature.

spontaneous

Entropy, S, is a measure of the __ of energy.

tendency to spread or disperse

In a reversible process, the system and surroundings can be restored to the __ states by exactly reversing the process.

original

An irreversible process cannot be __ to the original states.

restored

Entropy increases when the __ of a system is increased.

volume

The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics states that ΔS __ for a spontaneous process.

increases

Change in entropy is calculated using the relationship S = __.

k ln W

The entropy change of the surroundings during a spontaneous process involves __.

q_rev/T

Molecular motions include translational, __, and __ motion.

vibrational; rotational

Increasing the number of particles in a system will __ its entropy.

increase

A spontaneous process occurs __ without assistance.

on its own

The reverse of a spontaneous process is __.

nonspontaneous

Spontaneous processes shift to a state where Q = __.

K

Enthalpy, __, is an indicator of spontaneity suggested by Bertholet.

ΔH

Exothermic reactions, where ΔH < 0, are __.

spontaneous

The process of melting ice can be categorized as __ at room temperature.

spontaneous

Entropy, S, is a measure of the __ of energy.

tendency to spread or disperse

In a reversible process, the system and surroundings can be restored to the __ states by exactly reversing the process.

original

An irreversible process cannot be __ to the original states.

restored

Entropy increases when the __ of a system is increased.

volume

The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics states that ΔS __ for a spontaneous process.

increases

Change in entropy is calculated using the relationship S = __.

k ln W

The entropy change of the surroundings during a spontaneous process involves __.

q_rev/T

Molecular motions include translational, __, and __ motion.

vibrational; rotational

Increasing the number of particles in a system will __ its entropy.

increase

What is the role of practice problems in mastering thermodynamic concepts like spontaneity and entropy?

They facilitate the application of theoretical principles, such as the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics and calculating entropy changes (\Delta S), to solve specific quantitative and qualitative problems.