Romans and Galatians Final Exam

What was the problem that Romans 9-11 is dealing with?

Most Jews did not believe in Jesus as the Messiah, and more Gentiles than Jews were becoming Christians

What did God’s promises to Abraham include?

Land, nation/descendants, blessing for all nations through him

What was the key concern of Romans 9-11?

Have the promises of God failed?

What is the question of Romans 9:6?

Has the word of God failed?

What is the question of Romans 11:1?

Has God rejected his people?

What is the answer to “Have the promises of God failed?”

No! God’s purposes may have been misunderstood, but they have not failed

What does Romans 9:6 say about God’s promises?

Not all who descend from Israel belong to Israel

What does Romans 11:25 say about God’s promises?

A partial hardening has come upon Israel until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in

Why is Paul grieved in Romans 9:1-5?

Most of his fellow Jews are not in Christ

What did God give special blessings to Israel for?

A special role of service to the world

Who inherited God’s promises to Abraham?

Isaac, not Ishmael

What is sovereignty?

Supreme power/authority

Why is God sovereign over all creation?

Because He created it

What does God shape like clay in the hands of a potter?

History, nations, and lives

What is freewill?

The ability to choose for oneself

What has God given humans?

A measure of freedom within creation

What do we choose within God’s larger purposes?

How we will fulfill or resist the roles he gives us

What is the four-part outline of Romans?

1-4 Justification by faith, 5-8 Christian Living, 9-11 Israel’s role in God’s plan, 12-16 Christian Relationships

Who do Jacob and Esau equate to?

Israel and Edom

What is election?

Special choice

What was chosen to receive special blessings, but not to be automatically saved?

Jacob’s lineage (physical Israel)

What does God do to Israel and Edom?

Rebuilds Israel but leaves Edom in ruins

What can God do because he is sovereign?

Have mercy on whomever he chooses

Why has a hardening come upon Israel?

God chose Israel for a special purpose, but now they are resisting his will

How has God’s special place for Israel been misunderstood?

His special care for them was not a sign of their salvation

What was Israel’s purpose?

To reveal God’s rich mercy for Jews and Gentiles alike

What did the prophets foretell in Hosea and Isaiah?

God’s covenant people would be composed of a remnant of Jews combined with Gentiles

How did the Gentiles find religious status with God?

Through faith in Christ

What did the majority of Israel persist in?

Seeking righteous status through the Law without Christ

What is Christ?

The telos of the Law

What does telos mean?

End, conclusion, goal

What does Christ do with the Law?

Fulfills the Law and initiates a New Covenant

What does Paul use in Romans 10:5-13 to contrast the old covenant with the new?

The language and imagery of Deut. 30:11-16

What is the New Covenant like?

Readily available, not hidden above or below

What does justification now come by?

Belief and confession, not circumcision, etc.

Who is the new covenant available to?

All nations, not just one

What must Israel do to be saved?

Call on God in faith; faith comes by hearing

Where was the gospel preached?

First to Jews, in Jerusalem, and then in the synagogues

Why is there still hope for Israel?

A remnant of Israel has been saved under the new covenant

What example was used from I Kings?

Only 7000 were faithful in the days of Elijah

What does Paul hope as the Gentiles come into the kingdom of God?

That Israel will see the blessings and become “jealous”

What is grafting?

Transplanting part of one plant into another plant

What is the root of Christianity?

Judaism

What should Gentiles respect?

The Jews and their heritage

In Romans 11:25-36, what is physical Israel in a period of that Paul hopes will change?

Hard-heartedness

What are the two theories of predestination in Romans 8 and 9?

Individual and corporate

What is the individual predestination theory?

God decided beforehand to save selected individuals but not others

What is the corporate predestination theory?

God decided beforehand to send a Messiah (through Israel) and save a corporate body consisting of all (Jews and Gentiles) who would respond in faith

What is a living sacrifice?

Devoting your time and energy to God

What is pride?

To think of yourself more highly than you ought to think

What is paraenesis?

Rapid-fire, pithy advice

Why are we commanded to be subject to governing authorities?

God instituted and delegated some authority to them, and they are intended to be “God’s servant for your good”

How many of the commandments does Paul quote in Romans 13:8-10 when talking about how love fulfills the law?

4

Who are the strong in Romans 14:1-23?

Those who are well-informed, mature, not bothered in their conscience by eating non-kosher foods

Who are the weak in Romans 14:1-23?

Novices, those who are less mature and conscientiously feel bound to keep the ordinances of the Torah

What are the Sabbath and other Jewish Holy days a matter of?

Not law, but conscience

What does Colossians 2:16 say?

Do not let anyone judge you on the basis of the Sabbath

What is a stumbling block?

Anything that would cause another person to sin, violating their conscience

What is the conscience?

A God-given warning system

What should we beware of?

Ignoring conscience and equating your opinions with God’s word

What are elements of a healthy conscience?

A heart devoted to humility and love, a mind devoted to study and wisdom

Why did Christ suffer?

To help the weak grow to maturity

What was Paul known as?

An apostle to the Gentiles

Where has Paul planted churches?

From Jerusalem to Illyricum (modern Albania)

What is Paul’s mission plan in Romans 15?

To boldly go where no Christians have gone before

Where does Paul hope to visit on his way to Spain?

Rome

Where is Paul planning on going first in his next missionary journey?

Jerusalem to deliver financial aid from the Gentile churches

What will happen to Paul in Jerusalem?

He will be arrested and two years later taken to Rome for trial

Who was Phoebe?

Probably the courier of the letter, a servant of the church in Cenchrea

Who were Priscilla and Aquila?

Jewish Christians now returned to Rome after the edict who host a house-church

What do the names listed in Romans 16:1-16 represent?

A diverse group of people who had the same problem, sin, and found the same solution, Christ

Who was Tertius?

Paul’s amanuensis, the scribe who does the writing for him

What is a mystery in the context of Romans 16?

A profound secret in the plan of God that was not fully understood before Jesus came

What has been the plan of God all along?

To bring the Jews and Gentiles together in Christ through “the obedience of faith”

What is a summary of Romans 1-4, Justification by Faith?

Jews and Gentiles all sin and fall short, but in Christ they are made equally right with God

What is a summary of Romans 5-8, Christian Living?

Though we struggle against sin in the flesh, by faith in Christ and reliance on the Holy Spirit we live with “no condemnation”

What is a summary of Romans 9-11, Place of Israel in Salvation History?

God’s master plan results in one family tree, rooted in promises to Abraham, but with branches from all nations

What is a summary of Romans 12-16, Christian Relationships?

Knowledge of this Gospel transforms us into humble, loving, confident people