Pharmacology ch. 5,6,7,8,9

Botanicals

Additive substances that come from plants

Dietary supplement Health and education act

Ensure that products are safe and label information is truthful

Current good manufacturing practices

Standards require package labels that declare quality and strength

When working in pediatrics beware of -

Toxicity

When using topical drugs in pediatrics. -

Kids skin is thinner than adults

Body fluid composition in pediatrics

Neonates and infants have 75% water

Protein-binding capability in pediatrics

Less protein = more free drug

Metabolism in pediatrics

Decreased hepatic blood flow

Excretion in pediatrics

Decreased renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, renal tubular function

Family-centered care

Administration directed toward family members

Antihypertensives can cause - in older adults

Postural hypotension and falls

Anticoagulants can cause- in older adults

Excess bleeding

Protein binding in older adults

Decreased protein, more free drug

First-pass effect in older adults

Decreased, increased bioavailability

Loss of sensitivity in- in older adults

Adrenergic receptors - heart, lungs

BBB in older adults

Reduced blood flow - let more things through

Polypharmacy

Multiple pharmacies

Adherence

Ability to understand medication regimen

Alcohol use disorder could cause

Liver sorosis, brain damage, memory loss

Opioid use disorder can cause

Respiratory depression and constipation

Naloxone

Narcan - opioid antidote

Methadone

Agonist and antagonist

Naltrexone

Blocks pleasurable effects of opioids

Cough and cold med misuses

Dextromorphan and codeine

What are the six rights needed before administering medication

Patient, drug, Dose, Route, time, documentation

Liver function tests

Help monitor for toxicity

Ginkgo Biloba

Used for asthma, bronchitis, MS - can cause increased bleeding

Kava

Relaxation and anxiety

Milk thistle

Insulin resistance and hepatitis

St John's wort

Mental disorders

Atraumatic care

Minimizing psychologic and physical stress