Exam 5 Life Span

The psychoanalytic theorist who proposed four psychosocial stages of adulthood is:

Erik Erickson

Although Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development are sequential, the search for identity that begins in the stage of identity versus role confusion:

is ongoing through adulthood

Which is one of Erik Erikson's stages of adulthood?

generativity versus stagnation

Tracey's grandmother, at age 80, is engaged in the personal journey of connecting her life with the historical and cultural purpose of human society. The grandmother is in which of Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages?

integrity versus despair

According to Erik Erikson, when individuals are productive in a caring way, they are demonstrating:

generativity versus stagnation.

According to Erik Erikson, an adult's failure to achieve generativity results in:

generativity.

Common ways to be generative include caregiving, employment, and:

parenthood.

_____ developed the theory of humanism.

Abraham Maslow

How many stages of development does Abraham Maslow describe?

five

People in Abraham Maslow's third level on the hierarchy of needs seek:

love and belonging.

Ross is a retired stockbroker who enjoys tutoring children at the local YMCA after school. He is demonstrating the psychosocial stage of:

generativity versus stagnation.

The primary form that generativity takes is:

establishing and guiding the next generation.

Which statement about Abraham Maslow's theory is TRUE?

He believes that everyone, universally, has the same needs.

The concept of the Big Five reflects which type of theory?

trait

Which is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

selflessness

Thomas is moody, anxious, and self-punishing. Thomas is high in:

neuroticism.

A person who has many of the personality traits associated with extroversion would be described as:

active and outgoing.

Juan seems to thrive on changing jobs, is artistic, and likes to try new things. He would be rated high on the personality dimension called:

openness.

Those who know her describe Paula as a kind, helpful, and easygoing person. She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

agreeableness

Darleen is very organized and self-disciplined. She conforms easily to standards set for her performance at work. She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

conscientiousness

A person who changes jobs frequently, moves often, and always seems happier because of such changes is likely to be high in:

openness

Which personality trait tends to increase with age?

conscientiousness

Self-esteem rises from early adulthood until about age:

50

Nate is high in extroversion and therefore will probably:

get married.

Statistically, who is likely to have the MOST stable personality?

a 35-year-old woman

A study of well-being and self-esteem in 28 nations has found that people are happiest if their personality traits:

match their social context.

About _____ percent of all U.S. marriages are remarriages for at least one partner.

40

Committed partners who maintain separate homes but function as a committed couple are said to be:

living apart together.

James and Will are a gay couple who recently married. They wonder what their relationship will be like in 5 to 10 years. If they are like MOST married couples, their happiness will:

hold steady.

All of Shawn and Geneva's children have moved out, have started families, and are working on their careers. According to the text, Shawn and Geneva's home is now a(n):

empty nest.

After children have grown and moved out of the family home, MOST couples find that:

their relationships improve.

After the children are grown, MOST married couples:

have adequate time for their relationship.

Sven and Rosa have been married for nearly 30 years. Their youngest child left home six months ago. If they are typical, the quality of their marriage should:

improve, because they have more time to spend together.

Research indicates that remarriage initially restores all the following EXCEPT:

previous friendships.

At least initially, remarriage brings which condition?

better health

Research suggests that about _____ of the time, divorce ends an abusive, destructive relationship.

one-third

The group of people who move through life with an individual while providing both protection and encouragement is called a:

social convoy.

Bill moved across the country to advance his career. Although he moved alone, he soon developed a group of coworkers and friends who became like a family to him. They served as his:

social convoy.

As people age, their friendships tend to:

improve.

A study of 7,578 adults in seven nations has found that physical separation between parents and adult children:

strengthens the relationships between parents and their adult children.

The number of adults living with their parents has reached a peak, similar to that of:

the Great Depression.

Individuals who are accepted into families that are not their legal or biological families are called:

fictive kin

Adam was reared in several foster homes and never knew his parents. When he started working with Kent, he became close to Kent's family, to the point where they fondly referred to him as "our newfound son." The family "adopted" Adam as:

fictive kin.

According to the text, the easiest form of nonbiological parenting may be:

adoption.

Bonds of attachment can develop between a child and an adoptive parent when the child is older (ages 4 to 7), especially if the adoptive mother had a(n) _____ attachment to her own mother.

secure

Trevor spent the first four years of his life living with various family members and in various foster homes. Maggie, his second cousin, adopted Trevor about six months ago. Although she provides him with love, support, and stimulation, Trevor does not seem attached to her. He resists any kind of affection and prefers to be by himself rather than socialize with his new family. According to the DSM-5, Trevor probably has:

reactive attachment disorder.

In developed nations, grandparenthood begins on average at about age:

50\.

Amanda is her family's kinkeeper. This means that she assumes responsibility for:

gathering the family for holidays and disseminating information.

Because they are called on to help both the older and younger generations of the family, middle-aged adults have been called the:

sandwich generation.

According to research, which statement about the "sandwich generation" is TRUE?

Many adults do not feel burdened by their responsibilities.

After nearly 20 years with his company, John's job was outsourced. He wants his new job to offer not only a good wage but also job satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment. He is focused on the _____ of work.

intrinsic rewards

After a recent divorce, Claudia is entering the workforce for the first time in more than a decade. As a single parent with three children, she needs a livable wage, good benefits, and a retirement plan. She is focused on the _____ of work.

extrinsic rewards

In the days of _____, it was thought that everyone would become a parent if they could.

Erik Erikson

What is perhaps the MOST stressful experience in a family's life?

having a child

What is the MOST common form of generativity?

caring for a child

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What kind of family has the middle generation missing?

skipped generation

Mary makes sure that her children and grandchildren get together as a family several times each year to celebrate the holidays. She can be described as a(n)

kinkeeper.

Judith helps take care of her grandchildren for her adult child and is also caring for her own aging mother. She is part of the:

sandwich generation.

Employment changes are affecting adults in all these ways EXCEPT:

decreasing empty nest.

The science that describes populations is called:

demography

What percentage of the United States population is over age 65?

15

In the past, there were 20 times more children than older people. Currently, there are 3 times as many children as there are elders. These changes in the age make-up of the population are referred to as a(n):

demographic shift.

What is the fastest-growing age group in the United States?

80 and up

In the United States, only 3 percent of older people over the age of 64 live:

in nursing homes.

Enid and George, married 52 years, have been living in the same home for the past 30 years. They have a comfortable retirement, and when they need help with something, they can rely on their middle-aged children or young adult grandchildren. However, Enid and George are fiercely independent, providing much more care than they receive. This couple's experience is _____ among elders.

very common

Which statement is NOT true about most elders?

Most elders rely on others for basic care.

When asked to think of "an elderly person," most people think of a feeble person who lives in a nursing home. Statistics show that the vast majority of people between the ages of 65 and 75 fall in the category of:

young-old.

The main reason people may not notice the "young-old" is that:

they do not fit society's stereotypes of the elderly.

Which group makes up the largest group of older adults?

"young-old"

Which distinguishes the "old-old" from the "young-old"?

reductions in physical or mental ability

Individuals classified as "oldest-old" are usually how old?

over 85

The elderly who are dependent and MOST likely to have age-related illnesses are:

oldest-old.

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The term *ageism* refers to:

judging people on the basis of chronological age.

At age 75, Gloria, is typical of people her age. She believes that when compared to others of the same age,:

she is doing well, but they have more problems.

Marla, age 76, believes she is independent and has personal autonomy. She is likely to be:

mentally and physically healthier than people her age who do not share those beliefs.

Javy is 72, and his grandson, Jake, is 25. Which statement about their sleep is accurate?

Javy will take longer to fall asleep than Jake will.

Which vocal characteristic is a feature of elderspeak?

higher pitch

The irreversible changes that naturally occur with time are called "_____ aging."

primary

The changes of primary aging are:

universal.

Because of _____ aging, Juanita has had a very tough time recovering from a recent bout of pneumonia.

primary

Dwayne, age 62, has developed heart disease from a lifetime of smoking cigarettes. His heart disease is an example of:

secondary aging.

Seventy-six-year-old Thomas tripped on a garden hose and broke his leg. His 17-year-old grandson, Brad, fell while skateboarding and broke his leg. Why is Thomas's injury more of a concern than Brad's injury?

Thomas is less likely to fully recover than Brad is.

Primary and secondary aging combine to make major body systems:

less efficient.

Which theory of aging proposes that the body breaks down, part by part, after years of use?

wear-and-tear

The wear-and-tear theory of aging is weakened by the fact that:

many body functions benefit from use.

The concept of aging as a result of cellular duplication errors is based on the fact that the body's ability to make new cells that are exact copies of the original ones:

becomes less able to repair duplication errors.

*Maximum life span* is defined as the:

upper limit to which members of a species can live.

Which statement about cellular aging is TRUE?

Aging may be caused by the inevitable loss of the ability of cells to duplicate perfectly.

The *Hayflick limit* is a natural limit to the:

number of times cells can divide.

The very ends of chromosomes in cells that may be correlated with longevity are known as:

telomeres.

Calorie restriction may:

slow down aging.

The maximum life span is _____ years for humans.

122

_____ is the oldest possible age that members of a species can attain, whereas _____ is how long an average newborn in a particular place is likely to live.

Maximum life span; average life expectancy

Creating settings and equipment so that they can be used by everyone—able-bodied, sensory-acute, or not—is known as:

universal design.

Which statement is NOT true regarding sexuality in late adulthood?

Women stop intercourse earlier than men for biological reasons.

Although they have sex less frequently than they used to, more elderly couples report that their sex life has _____ rather than _____.

improved; deteriorated

Now that Fred is 75, he uses selective optimization with compensation while driving. For example, he:

drives more slowly.

For older drivers, which of these variables is the strongest predictor of a car accident?

poor peripheral vision

Elderly drivers have fewer car accidents than young people do, because:

they compensate for deficiencies by driving more slowly and avoiding night driving.

Which strategy is crucial when older people have sensory loss?

compensation