History 2025 The scottish wars of Independence

Why was Alexander 111 such a successful king?

He was a strong leader - he took control of the western Isles for Scotland. Norway owned them before.

What happened to Margaret Maid of Norway?

She died on her journey on a boat.

Why was it terrible for Scotland that Margaret died?

There was no king or queen to rule Scotland.

Why did Edward 1 invade Scotland when John Balliol was king in 1296?

John Balliol made a treaty with France which made Edward 1 angry as he wanted Scotland to help England win a war against France.

What did Edward 1 take from Scotland? Why?

The stone of destiny. This was to show that Edward 1 was now in charge of Scotland. Scotland needed the Stone of Destiny to crown a king and now they couldn’t do that.

What was the Ragman roll?

This was a document that the Scottish lords were made to sign to show their loyalty to Edward 1. Many were not happy about this.

Who was William Wallace

A scottish knight who fought for Scotland in the 13th century. He became the Guardian of Scotland after defeating the English army at Stirling.

What tactics did William Wallace use against the English army

They used the river and narrow bridge to their advantage - and trapped the English soldiers and defeated their army.

Also the Scots knew the land much better than the English did.

They also used clever military skills - using Schiltrons against the English cavalry.

Many English were killed or drowned in the river.

The English had expected this to be an easy win for them and had already sent some of their army home, but were totally defeated.

Why was Stirling such an important win for the Scots?

Stirling was in the heart of Scotland and its castle position was very important. Whoever controlled Stirling could control the movement between the North and the south of the kingdom.

Why did RObert the Bruce fight for Ed 1 at the battle of Falkirk in 1298?

He thought Scotland would lose.

What happened to Wallace?

He was captured near Glasgow by a Scottish Knight - Sir John Menteith and sent to London. He was executed.

Why did Robert Bruce lose the support of the Church?

He killed John Comyn (his rival) in a heated argument in 1306. THis meant he was excommunicated by the church as he had killed someone on holy ground

What battle did Robert the Bruce win? How?

Battle of Bannokburn in 1314.Clever tactics and good use of the land as they knew it better than the English. Edward 11 was not such a strong military leader as his father. The English army had just come from fighting a battle and were tired.