12 and 13 textbook vocab

Annexation

Leaglly adding land area to a city in the USA

Census Tract

An area delineated by the us bereau of the census for which statistics are published in urban areas and correspond roughly to neighborhoods

Central business district

The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered

Central City

An urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent self governing unit

Concentric Zone model

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are socially arranged in a series of rings

Density Gradient

The change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery

Edge city

A node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area

Galactic model

A model of north american urban suburbs consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and BUISSNESS areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.

gentrification

a process of converting an urban neighborhood from predominantly low income renter occupied area to a predominantly middle class owner occupied area

information settlement

an area within a city in a less developed country country in which people illeaglly established residencies on land they do not own or rent and erect homeade structures

Megalopolis

a continuous urban complex in the North Eastern United States

Multiple Nucli Model

a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities

Public Housing

government owned housing rented to low income people

Sector model

a model of the internal structure of cities and which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors are wedges radiating out from the central business district

smart growth

legislations and regulations to limit Suburban sprawl and preserve farm land

sprawl

development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous of the existing built-up areas

suburb

a residential or commercial area suited within an urban area but outside the central City

Underclass

a group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of more developed Society because of a variety of social and economic disadvantages

Urban area

a dense core of census tracts, densely settled suburbs, and low density land that links the dense suburbs with the core.

urban clustar

in the United States and urban area with between 2,500 and 50,000 inhabitants

urbanized area

in the United States and urban area with at least $50,000 inhabitants

Basic buissness

a business that sells its products or services primarily to Consumers outside the settlement

Business service

a service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses including professional financial and transportation services

Central Place

on Marcus Center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area

Central Place theory

a theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services larger settlements are fewer and harder apart than smaller settlements and provides services for a large number of people who are willing to travel farther

clustered rural settlement

overall settlement in which the houses in firm buildings of each family are situated close to each other with fields surrounding the settlement

consumer service

a business that provides services primarily to individual consumers including retail services and education Health and Leisure activities

Dispersed rural settlement

a rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated Farms rather than clustered Villages

Enclosure movement

the process of consolidating small land holdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the 18th century

Food desert

in area that has a substantial amount of low income residents and has poor access to a grocery store

Global city

a major Center for the provision of services in the global economy

Gravity model

a model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number people in a location an inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service

Market area (hinterland)

surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the places Goods and services

Megacity

an Urban settlement with a total population in excess of 10 million people

Metacity

in urban settlement with the total population in excess of 20 million people

primate City

The largest settlement in a country if it has more than twice as many people in as the second ranking settlement

primate city rule

a pattern of sediment in a country such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement

Public service

a service offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses

Range

maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service

Rank size rule

a pattern of settlement in a country such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement

service

any activity that fulfills the human law or need in returns money to those who provide it

Settlement

a permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants

Threshold

the minimum number people needed to support a service

Urbanization

an increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban Settlements