US History- Unit 7: Industrialization and Reform- People

Eli Whitney

* Cotton Gin -- expansion of slavery because of the increase in profits
* Interchangeable parts -- mass production in factories

Robert Fulton

* Steamboat
* Faster, cheaper transportation of goods and people
* Reduced/decreased the cost of freight/shipping

Susan B Anthony

* Active in the Women’s Rights movement, especially suffrage (right to vote)
* Other reform movements such as labor and education

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

* Organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention (women’s rights)
* One of the authors of the *Declaration of the Rights of Women*

Sojourner Truth

* Traveled (‘sojourned’) speaking about abolition and women’s rights
* Described her experiences as a woman and former slave in *Ain’t I a Women?* **speech**

Fredrick Douglass

* Freed slave and public orator -- often gave speeches at abolitionist meetings
* Published abolitionist newspaper “The North Star”
* Autobiography of Fredrick Douglass

Dorothea Dix

* Treatment of the mentally ill (“insane asylums”) as well as prison reform
* Presented a paper to the Massachusetts legislature to encourage reform/changes

Horace Mann

* Encouraged free public education for all
* Considered education the “great equalizer”

Harriet Tubman

* Abolitionist
* Conductor of the Underground Railroad (led escaped slaves to freedom)

Transcendentalists

* Type of literature/author and artist
* Studied humanity, creativity, and nature
* Encouraged free-thinking spiritually rather than established religions

Romantics/romanticism

* Type of literature/author and artist
* Celebrated adventure, nature, emotion, imagination, and individualism
* Reaction to the negative effects of industrialization

Henry David Thoreau

* Wrote an essay encouraging ‘civil disobedience’ -- disobeying/breaking/ignoring a law as an act of protest
* Wrote *Walden, or Life in the Woods* and other reflections on nature
* Jailed for tax evasion and protested the US-Mexican War

Walt Whitman

* Poet considered the “Father of Free verse”, romanticist
* Most well-known piece was “Leaves of Grass”
* Wrote “Captain, My Captain” (after Lincoln’s assassination); had been a nurse during Civil War

Ralph Waldo Emerson

* Considered the Father of Transcendentalism; also a romanticist
* Wrote poem “Concord Hymn” which included the line ‘shot heard ‘round the world’
* Most well-known work: a book of essays entitled *Nature* 

James Fenimore Cooper

* Wrote of wilderness and adventure; romanticist


* Most well-known novel was *Last of the Mohicans* (Native Americans)

Herman Melville

* Sailor/New England coast; most well known novel was *Moby Dick*

Edgar Allen Poe

* Wrote novels and short stories of horror and suspense
* Works included short story *Tell-Tale Heart* and the poem *The Raven*

Washington Irving

* Short stories included *Rip Van Wrinkle* and *Legend of Sleep Hollow*

Nathaniel Hawthorn

* Most well-known novel -- *Scarlet Letter*; strict setting of Puritan New England

John James Audubon

* Naturalist and painter, especially ornithology (study of birds)