Studied by 281 peoplemolecules
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organism
levels of orginization
DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, carbs
what makes up the molecular level
cells
What make up the cellular level?
epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue
What make up the tissue level?
all organs
What make up the organ level?
organs
What make up the organ systems?
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What makes up an organism?
composed of cells, organization, reproduce, grow and develop, use energy, respond to a stimulus, adapt
What are the characteristics of life?
adaptation
What is an amoeba pumping out water an example of?
Response
What is a plant bending towards the sunlight and example of?
Reproduction
What is a cat having babies an example of?
cell
the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body.
genetics
The study of how features are passed to offspring from their parents (heredity)
anatomy
The study of the structure of a body or parts of a body.
physiology
The study of the function of tissue, organs and systems.
molecular biology
The study of chemical reactions in in cells
Taxonomy
The study of the classification of living organisms
ecology
The study of the relationship of living things between each other and their environment
hypothesis
an attempt to explain a set of observations
experiment group
control group
what 2 groups does an experiment have?
experimental: its sprayed
control: not sprayed
constant: temp, water, sunlight, soil
dv: plant growth
effect of bio feritilizer “x” on plant growth
microscope
Produces an enlarged image of a specimen
1500
best light microscope can magnify up to how many times?
resolution
ability to see detail clearly
Body Tube
maintains the proper distance between the eyepiece and the objectives
Revolving nose piece
attached to objective lenses and rotates around
Scanning power lens
4x magnification, shortest lens
Low power lens
10x magnification, medium length lens
an objective lens
athers light from the object being observed and focuses the light rays to produce a real image
High power lens
40x magnification, longest lens
an objective lens
stage clips
holds the slide in place on the stage
Diaphragm
Regulates the amount of light on the specimen
light source
provides light and located on the base
ocular lens
10x magnification
eyepiece of microscope
arm
connects the body tube to the base of the microscope
stage
holds the slide
coarse focus
Knob that allows you to make major focusing adjustments. (large knob)
fine focus
Knob that allows you to make fine focusing adjustments. (small knob)
base
supports the microscope
protons, neutrons, electrons
make up the atom
2
How many electrons can the first energy level hold?
The number of protons
What is the atomic number determined by?
the number of protons and neutrons
What is the mass number determined by?
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO)
What are 2 inorganic compounds that contain carbon?
Organic
Any compounds containing carbon are?
6
How many electrons does carbon have?
4
How many electrons does carbon have available for bonding?
functional groups
groups of atoms that carry out chemical reactions
COOH
Carboxyl
NH2
amino
PO4
phosphate
OH
hydroxl (alcohol)
monomer
a small building molecule
polymer
more than 1 monomer
dehydration synthesis
How do polymers form?
dehydration synthesis
the process of joining two molecules together by the removal of water
CHO: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
what makes up carbohydrates
sucrose
table sugar
polysaccharides
polymers of monosaccharides
Starch
How plants store excess sugar
Cellulose
Cell wall in plants and fiber in us
Glycogen
How animals store excess sugar
Chitin
Exoskeleton of animal
lipid
fats, phospholipids, steroids, waxes
saturated fats
Solids at room temperature and do not have double bonds in their fatty acid chains
Peptide bond
links together amino acids
amino acids
building blocks of proteins
Peptide bond
forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another
enzymes
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in cells
cell theory
all living things are made of cells, cells are the most basic unit of life, cells come from pre-existing cells
parts of the cell membrane
Phospholipid bi layer with proteins embedded in it, and it acts as a semipermeable barrier
cell membrane
the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. Allows certain things in and out
Chromatin
DNA in cell
blueprint
Cytoplasm
Where chemical reactions occur
Ribosomes
Make proteins
on the rough ER and in cytoplasm
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
transports proteins
has ribosomes on it
smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
transports lipids
tubeshaped
Golgi apparatus
Packages and secretes materials
Mitochondria
Coverts food into energy
bean shaped
Lysosomes
Clean up cellular debree
only in animal cells
Cell wall
support structure
plants only
Vacuole
plant only
storage for water
Chloroplasts
where photosynthesis occurs
plant only
Cytoskeleton
Framework, gives an animal cell its 3D shape
animal cell only
Cilia
Short, hair
moves mucus
Flagella
Long, whip like for movement (Only human cell with flagella is sperm cell
nucelus
Control center of the cell, contains chromatin and nucleolus
nucleolus
makes ribosomes
leeuwenhoek
Made the first practical microscope
Hooke
Named cells
Schleiden
concluded that all plants are made of cells
Schwann
concluded that all animals are made of cells
Virchow
All cells come from pre-exisitng cells
diffusion
The net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low
osmosis
Diffusion of water
hypotonic solution
the concentration of solutes is higher inside the cell
hypertonic solution
the concentration of solutes is higher outside the cell
isotonic solution
the concentration of solutes is the same inside and outside of the cell
Note
Flashcard