Abnormal Exam 2 CH 5 and 7

A generalized state of apprehension of foreboding is called?

Anxiety

Panic disorder

Type of anxiety disorder characterized by repeated episodes of intense anxiety or panic

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Persistent anxiety that is not limited to a particular situation

PTSD

Long term maladaptive response to stressor

OCD

Patterns of compulsive or repetitive behaviors that are associated with significant personal distress or impaired functioning

According to Freud, what do phobic disorders represent

Unconscious fears coming to the surface, failing lid

What is the statistical difference between men and women for panic attacks

Women have 2x more than men (women report it more)

What are the limitations of drug treatments for panic disorders

Drugs can only help calm the symptoms down, they do not cure

Specific phobia

Phobia that is specific to a particular object or situation

Social phobia

Excessive fear of social interactions or situation

Phobia

Fear of an object or situation that is disproportionate to the threat it poses

Agoraphobia

Fear of being out in the open in busy areas, many become household bound

When do social phobias generally begin

Age 15, usually due to school

Claustrophobia

Fear of tight spaces

Acrophobia

Fear of heights

From the psychodynamic perspective, how do anxieties develop

Threatened leakage of unacceptable sexual or aggressive impulses or wishes into conscious awareness

According to the psychodynamic perspective how do phobias develop

Phobic reaction is a projection of a person’s own threatening impulses into the phobic object

Systematic desensitization

A fear reduction process by means of exposure to progressively more fearful stimuli while remaining deeply relaxed. Stimuli are arranged in sequence call fear-stimulus hierarchy

As part of systematic desensitization, what must a phobic client learn

3 step process

Diaphragmatic breathing, develop hierarchy, breathing and showing hierarchy

Gradual exposure

Stepwise process of gradual confrontation to the object or situation that is feared

Flooding

Exposure to high levels of fear inducing stimuli

What drugs are used to treat different kinds of phobias

Antidepressants

Sertraline (zoloft)

Parozetine (paxil)-social anxiety

What do compulsions involve

A repetitive or ritualistic behavior that the person feels compelled to perform

What do obsessions represent in the psychodynamic perspective

Obsessions represent leakage of unconscious impulses into consciousness, compulsions help keep these impulses repressed

How do drugs like prozac work, what disorders are they used to treat

Increase availability of serotonin in the brain

Phobic disorders

Central feautures of GAD

Excessive worrying

Heightened states of bodily arousal

Tenses

Being on edge

How do cognitive behavioral therapists treat GAD

Use training in relaxation skills, learning to substitute adaptive for worrisome thoughts and decatastrophizing

Exposure with response prevention

Teaches tolerance of anxiety triggered by their obsessive thoughts while preventing compulsive rituals

Mood disorder

Psychological disorders characterized by usually severe or prolonged disturbances of mood

Bipolar Disorder

Characterized by mood swings between states of extreme elation and depression

Major depressive episode

A severe mood disorder characterized by major depressive episodes in the absence of mania or hypomania

Dysthymia (persistent depressive disorder)

Chronic depression lasting for at least 2 years

Cyclothymia

Chronic cyclical pattern of mild mood swings lasting at least 2 years

Hypomania

Mild to moderate mania

What is the most common diagnosable mood disorder

Major depression

Who is most likely to suffer from depressive disorder

Women (report it more)

Low SES

Family history

History of childhood sexual abuse

Younger people

Divorce

Postpartum Depression

Persistent and severe mood changes that occur after childbirth

Postpartum psychosis

Mothers lose touch with reality and experiences symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and irrational thinking

BPD 1

Applies to people who have had at least one full manic episode at some point in their lives

Symptoms of a manic episode

A period of unrealistically heightened euphoria, extreme restlessness, and excessive activity

Disorganized behavior, impaired judgement, extreme social behavior, overly demanding, rapid speech, inability to weigh consequences

Characteristics of cyclothymic disorder

Elevated or depressed mood not severe enough for diagnosis of bipolar disorder

How do psychodynamic theorists characterize depression

Depression represents anger directed inward

Cognitive triad of depression

Negative view of oneself

Negative view of the environment

Negative view of the future

Cognitive distortion

Tendency to magnify the importance of minor failures (Aaron Beck error of thinking)

How does Seligman believe that people learn to perceive themselves as helpless

Their experiences

Three dimensions of attributional style

Internal factors-failure reflect their personal inadequacies

Global factors-failures reflect sweeping flaws in personality

Stable factors-failures reflect fixed personality

Attributional style

Ways in which people explain the cause of events within their lives

There is a strong relationship b/w eating ____ and low rates of bipolar disorder

Fish

Suicide is most likely among whom

White and Native Americans

What is suspected of causing an increasing in the suicide rate in elderly

Older people are more susceptible to diseases such as cancer and Alzeheimers

The majority of suicides are apparently related to what

Stressful life events

What does suicide represent to psychodynamic theorists

Inward-directed anger that turns murderous

Most important predictor of suicide

Hopelessness about the future

If someone you know discloses that they are contemplating suicide, what should you do

Talk with them, suggest other coping mechanisms, get them to professional help

What percentage of those who actually committed suicide left clear clues beforehand

90%

What should you **not** do if someone is talking about killing themselves

Ignore them

Invalidate them

Be condescending

Case 1 (panic disorder)

Joe/Jose

Plane ride

Panic disorder and agoraphobia

Cognitive and behavioral therapy

Case 2 (OCD)

Triggered by attempted sexual assault

Exposure and response therapy

Constant checking if things were unplugged, driving back and making sure she didn’t hit anybody

Case 5 (MDD)

Carlos

Cousin recently passed from heart attack, worried about it happening to him

Depression

Antidepressant

Hospitalized

Psychotherapy

Depression→ major depression disorder

Case 6 (BPD)

Gina

Involved in theater

Hospitalized in high school (manic to depressed)

Anti depressants led to second manic episode

Age 32 started new treatment

Bipolar 1

Back and forth with using and not using lithium

Insight-oriented therapy→ problems with her parents

Atypical anti-psychotics