AF Vocab + Background Info (Eng. 9 H)

Included material: vocab, Bolshevik Revolution basics, the types of propaganda, symbolism, some important parts of plot

cynical

tending to disbelieve

dissentient

individuals who disagree

enmity

mutual hatred or hostility

plaited

braided

gambol

frolic, skip, and play

disciples

someone who accepts and spreads the teachings of a person

maxim

a pithy statement expressing a general truth: a motto

parasitical

like a parasite: taking advantage of, living off another

contemptible

ignominious

tractable

manifest

publican

arable

maglinity

toil

countenance

facial expression

retribution

punishment, payback

capitulate

surrender

cower

to crouch or huddle up in fear, cringe

conciliatory

peace making

contrive

to plan

allegory

a literary work with symbolic meaning

satire

use of humor, exaggeration, irony, or ridicule to expose stupidity or shortcomings of a society

fairystory/fairystory

a story with a hero/villain that conveys a moral message

dystopia

a very flawed world

utopia

a perfect world

bourgeoisies

the upper middleclass—the wealthy

proletariat

the lower/working class

The Bolshevik Revolution started in ____

1917

gulag

forced labor camps, 18 million people were placed, 1.5-1.7 million people lost their lives

preopaganda

media designed to influence public opinions

bandwagon

a type of propaganda that plays heavily on people’s need for belonging

name-calling

a type of propaganda that links a person/group of people to a negative name/idea

glittering generalities

a type of propaganda that makes the audience feel good using many times extreme phrases—opposite of name-calling

transfer

a type of propaganda that uses things people accept to get the public to accept something else

testimonial

a type of propaganda that uses a statement given by a celebrity/”expert” as evidence of truth/excellence

plain folk

a type of propaganda where speakers attempt to convince their audience that they and their ideas are “of the people”

fear

a type of propaganda where the speaker creates a threat then convince their audience that they have the best solution and would be a good leader

card-stacking

a type of propaganda that tries to convince the audience that something is good or trust worthy without showing the flip side—supporting “the good stuff” without showing “the bad stuff”

logical fallacies

a type of propaganda that uses bad logic to make a false statement seem true

unwarranted extrapolation

a type of logical fallacy that makes huge promises based on very little facts

nonsequitur argument

a type of logical fallacy that uses facts that have no logical sequence to prove something true (ex: “Molly has brown hair, so Molly would be a good presidential candidate.” These two facts have no correlation.)

ad hominem

a type of propaganda that attacks the character of the opponent

dog whistle

a type of propaganda that uses coded/suggestive language to win the audience by bashing the other side

doublespeak

a type of propaganda that uses language that deliberately downsizes or reverses the meaning of words

red herring

a type of propaganda that uses a diversionary tactic to distract from the flaws of the speaker

circular argument

a type of propaganda that just restates the speaker’s argument instead of proving it (ex: “She is intelligent because she is smart” does not prove why she is intelligent.)

Who does Old Major/Willingdon Beauty symbolize?

Karl Marx

Who does Mr. Jones symbolize?

Czar Nicholas II

Who do Boxer and Clover symbolize?

the working class/proletariat

Who do the puppies that Napoleon raised symbolize?

the secret police

Who does Mollie symbolize?

the wealthy/bourgeoisies

Who does Benjamin represent?

George Orwell

Who do the sheep represent?

the gullible/blind followers

Who does Moses represent?

the church

Who does Napoleon symbolize?

Joseph Stalin

Who does Snowball symbolize?

Leon Trotsky

Who/What does Squealer symbolize?

propaganda/the head of propaganda under Stalin: Malatov

What are the 7 Commandments ORIGINALLY?

1. Whatever goes upon 2 legs is an enemy

2. Whatever goes upon 4 legs, or has wings, is a friend;

3. No animal shall wear clothes.

4. No animal shall sleep in a bed.

5. No animal shall drink alcohol.

6. No animal shall kill any other animal.

7. All animals are equal.

What is the only commandment left at the end of the story?

All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.

What were Napoleon and Snowball’s Slogans?

Napoleon: “Vote for Napoleon and the full manger.”

Snowball: “Vote for Snowball and the three-day week.”

What is the 6th commandment changed into later in the story?

No animal shall kill any other animal WITHOUT REASON.

Which commandment was Squealer caught changing and what was it changed to?

Commandment 5 was being changed to “No animal shall drink alcohol to excess.”

Who is Pink Eye?

the pig that tests all of Napoleon’s food for poison

Who is Minimus

the poet

machinations

a plot or plan of evil doings

skulk

to sneak around

liberal

generous, bountiful, plenty

knacker

someone who kills old animals for meat, skin, or glue

subsist

to try to stay alive on the barest means, barely stay alive

taciturn

reserved, quiet, not liking to talk

poultice

a medical dressing spead on a cloth and applied to the skin

inebriate

a chronic drinker