World History Chapter 1 review

prehistory

prehistory

The time before people invented writing.

history

A chronological record of events, as of the life or development of a people or institution, often including an explanation of or commentary on those events. The branch of knowledge that records and analyzes past events.

anthropology

The study of humans, past and present

archaeology

The study of past people and cultures through their material remains.

culture

The way of life of a society, including its beliefs, values and practices.

technology

The skills and tools people use to meet their basic needs and wants.

Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age)

Old Stone Age. People use stone for tools and weapons and hunted/gathered for food.

Neolithic Age

New Stone Age. People used stone for tools but began farming for food. Began c. 10,000 B.C. in the Fertile Crescent.

Neolithic/agricultural revolution

The agricultural revolution began a process leading people toward "civilization" itself with more and more advancement.

nomad

People who move from place to place in search of food (for themselves or their herds); today, it informally means people who move around a lot without settling anywhere.

animal domestication

Raising animals (controlling where they move, eat and breed) so that they are useful to humans.

civilization

An advanced society that has cities, governments, complex religions/philosophy & art/architecture, public works, job specialization and technology, social classes, and writing/record-keeping

polytheism

Belief in many gods.

cultural diffusion

The spread of ideas, customs and technologies from one people to another. "Diffusion" means "the state of being spread out or transmitted especially by contact."

city-state

A political unit that includes a city center and its surrounding countryside, which was used for growing food.

empire

A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler. Often they were diverse, with multiple languages, cultures, local gods, local laws, etc.

On a timeline, what does "B.C." mean?

"Before Christ" (before the birth of Jesus)

On a timeline, what does "B.C.E." mean?

"Before the Common Era" (before the birth of Jesus)

On a timeline, what does "A.D." mean?

"Anno Domini" ("In the year of the Lord," after the birth of Jesus)

On a timeline, what does "C.E." mean?

"Common Era" (after the birth of Jesus)

In which century is the year 250 BC/BCE?

In the 3rd century BC/BCE.

In which century is the year 476 AD/CE?

In the 5th century AD/CE/