Native Americans Flashcards

For Humanities Social

What does stereotype mean?

Giving like qualities to a group of people based on perceptions without getting to know the individual

How did Native Americans arrive in the Americas?

By land bridge

What were the three groups of how they got their food?

Big game hunters, Old Cordilleran, Desert people

How did Big Game Hunters get their food?

They hunted large animals, like bison, and were nomadic. They lived in the Great Plains.

How did the Old Cordillerans get their food?

Hunted a wider variety of game, fished, and had small farms to supplement their diet.

How did the Desert People get their food?

Farmed, stayed close to the land, and lived in the Western US.

How were Native Americans classified after European contact?

By region

Who were the three main groups in the Southwest?

Pueblo, Apache, Navajo

What was adobe made of?

Mud, straw, feces

What crop did the Pueblo farm?

Corn

What modern day states did the Pueblo live in?

Arizona and New Mexico

Which areas did the Apache and Navajo inhabit?

The plains and South

How did the Apache and Navajo get their food?

They both farmed and hunted-gathered.

Which modern day states did the Navajo inhabit?

Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico

The Eastern Woodlands were bordered by which four bodies of water?

• North- St. Lawrence Seaway

• South- Ohio River

• East- Atlantic Ocean

• West- Mississippi river

How did the people in the Eastern Woodlands bury their dead?

In burial mounds (mausoleums)

What type of homes did the people in the Eastern Woodlands have?

Log homes

How many people did the average village in the Eastern Woodlands have?

2000

Which crops did the people in the Plains grow?

Corn, beans, squash, tobacco, sunflowers

Who were the tribes in the Plains?

• Dakota (Sioux)

• Omaha

• Iowa

• Kansas

• Missouri

• Osage

What was the main meat source of the Plains Native Americans?

Buffalo/Bison

What did the Plains Natives live in?

Earth mounds, but used teepees when hunting/migrating

What did the Plains Natives use to move their items?

The travois

What was both part of the lifestyles and the social statuses of the Plains Natives?

War

In what modern day state is the Great Basin located in?

Utah

How long did families in the Great Basin stay together?

Till their food supply held out

Where did people in the Great Basin put their belongings?

They carried everything they owned on their backs

Was food limited or plentiful in the Great Basin?

Limited

What did they eat in California?

Game, fish, plants

What was the most important crop in California?

Acorns

Where did people live during the seasons in California?

Stayed in village in winter; moved around in summer

Which tribes were in the Plateau?

• Nez Perce

• Yakima

• Wentachee

Which river did the peoples on the Plateau live?

Columbia River (Washington & parts of Canada)

What did peoples on the Plateau eat?

Salmon

What type of boat did people on the Plateau use?

Canoes

Who lived in the Subartic?

The Inuit (Eskimos)

How many languages did the Inuit have?

2

What did the Inuit eat?

Moose and caribou meat

How did the Inuit travel around?

Toboggans

What structures did the Inuit live in?

Igloos

How big were the groups the Inuit lived in?

100-200 people

What were the three social classes in the Northwest?

• Blue bloods (Chiefs and Bureaucracy)

• Commoners

• Slaves (other Native Americans)

What were the feasts in the Northwest called?

Potlatches (where the term Potluck comes from)

What did they eat in the Northwest?

Salmon and mammals

What type of housing did the Northwest have?

Log homes

What type of boat did the people in the Northwest use?

Dugout canoes

Who were the five “civilized” tribes in the Southeast?

• Cherokee

• Creek

• Chickasaw

• Choctaws

• Seminoles

Why were the Southeast Natives called the five “civilized” tribes?

They were the first to adapt to European ways (forced to).

What type of warfare did the Plains Natives use?

Hit and run tactics (guerilla warfare).

What type of warfare did the Eastern Woodlands’ Peoples use?

Large scale military operations.

How did alcohol affect the Native Americans?

Many became addicted to it, and they traded land and valuables for alcohol. Some even committed crimes for it, like horse theft, cattle rustling, and prostitution.

What was the Northwest Ordinance (1787)?

It pledged that treaties with the Native Americans would stand.

What was the Dawes Act (1850)?

It set up the reservation system in the US.

What was the Wheeler-Howard Act?

Some land was returned to Natives, gave Natives citizenship, and set up the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

What triggered the start of the US-Dakota War of 1862?

A few young Dakota retaliated against the settlers and killed 5 of them.

How many people died in the largest mass execution in US history? (End of Dakota war).

38

Who won the Battle of Little Bighorn (1876)?

The Sioux; George Armstrong Custer and his men were killed.

What was the Wounded Knee Massacre?

Sioux were dancing the Ghost Dance to honor Sitting Bull, who was killed by one of his own people. The dance was misunderstood by the US military and they shot 300 innocent people.

What was the Trail of Tears?

Andrew Jackson ordered Indian Removal Act of 1830, which caused Cherokee to be removed from their land.

Where were the Cherokee moved to during the Trail of Tears?

From Georgia to Oklahoma. Many died on the death march.

What is a popular way that Native American reservations make money in the modern day?

Casinos

What is the definition of assimilation?

When a group changes all aspects of life for another dominant group.

What is included in assimilation?

• Language

• Food

• Religion

• Education

• Clothing

• Name