Covalent Bonds

Intermolecular Forces

Forces between non-metal ATOMS to form compounds

Intramolecular Forces can be?

Ionic or Covalent Bonding

What are the two types of covalent bonds?

Polar and Non-polar

Covalent Bond

A sharing of electrons between non-metal atoms

How are bonds formed?

When atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Pairs are only shared between?

non-metal atoms of covalent compounds

Polar Covalent

electrons not shared equally

Non-polar covalent

electrons shared equally between atoms

Electronegativity

is the ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself

As a "rule of thumbs", electronegativity differences can be used to?

predict if a bond will be covalent, polar covalent, or ionic

At room temperature Covalent bonds are

Liquid or gas, some soft solids

Does covalent bonds have high or low melting points/boiling points?

low melting and boiling points

In a covalent bond, how is the electrical conductors

Poor electrical conductors in all phase

If a covalent bond is at its original state, is it soluble

Not soluble in its normal state

When a covalent bond is in water is it souble?

yes, it is soluble, but it depends on if the compound is polar or non-polar

Diatomic Elements

hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine

Out of the Halogens, which elements are the Diatomic elements

H,O,N (Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen)

Diatomic elements are all?

gasses and form molecules

Molecules formed of only 2 atoms of the ___.

same element

Molecules formed of only 2 atoms of the same element, they for what type of bond?

non-polar (electrons shared equally)

Polyatomic Ions

groups of covalently bonded non-metal atoms

Polyatomic ions have what?

both molecular and ionic characteristics

the charge of a polyatomic ions

when there is too much of electrons they must lose (-) or a shortage of electrons, they need to gain (+)

Covalent bonds can have how many bonds?

single bond, double bonds, triple bonds

Octet

= 8

Octet Electrons

The number of electrons and atoms wants/needs

Valence Electrons

electrons in the outermost energy level, responsible for bonding

Bonding Electrons

Two electrons holding atoms together

Lone Pairs

Two electrons connected to only one atom