Hernia theory 2 notes

Hernia

An abnormal weakness or hole in an anatomical structure, allowing internal contents to protrude.

Strangulation

Occurs when the blood supply to the herniated tissue is cut off, considered a medical emergency.

Inguinal Hernia

A type of hernia that constitutes 75% of all abdominal wall hernias, more common in men.

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

Follows a pathway formed during prebirth development, can protrude into the scrotum.

Direct Inguinal Hernia

Occurs where the abdominal wall is weaker, commonly seen in middle-aged and older individuals.

Hiatus Hernia

Occurs when the upper stomach portion moves up into the chest through a diaphragm opening.

Symptoms of Hiatus Hernia

Common symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, belching, pain while swallowing, and sensation of food sticking in the oesophagus.

Femoral Hernia

Occurs when abdominal contents enter the femoral canal, typically affects women.

Umbilical Hernia

Visible at birth as a bellybutton protrusion, results from an incompletely closed abdominal wall opening.

Incisional Hernia

Develops following abdominal surgery when the surgical site does not heal properly.

Spigelian Hernia

A rare type of hernia occurring along the edges of the rectus abdominus muscle.

Obturator Hernia

Extremely rare hernia protruding from the pelvic cavity through the pelvic bone.

Epigastric Hernia

Located between the navel and lower rib cage, composed of fatty tissue instead of intestine.

Signs and Symptoms of Hernias

Signs range from painless lumps to painful, tender protrusions; specific symptoms can vary.

Irreducible Hernia

An irreducible hernia that presents as a painful enlargement of a previously recognized hernia.

Strangulated Hernia

An irreducible hernia where the trapped intestine loses its blood supply.

Diagnosis of Hernias

Confirmed via physical examination, barium meal X-rays, or gastroscopy.

Strangulated Hernia Treatment

Requires emergency surgery to address the condition.