Genetics Chapter 2: Mendelian Inheritance (Post)

Which of the following characteristics made the pea plant Pisum sativum an ideal organism for Mendel's studies?

-It has the ability to self-fertilize

-It was easy to cross-fertilize one plant with another

-It has easily identifiable traits

-All of the answers are correct

Differences in plant flower color or plant height are called a variant of a trait.

T/F

T

The genetic composition of an individual is called its _____________.

-phenotype

-genotype

-hybrid

-dominance

-None of these choices are correct

-genotype

The observable characteristics of an organism are called its ___________.

-phenotype

-genotype

-hybrid

-dominance

-None of these choices are correct

-phenotype

An allele that produces an inactive enzyme would be classified as what kind of allele?

-Loss-of-function

-Gain-of-function

-Dominant

-These do not occur and therefore there is no classification for them.

-Loss-of-function

The recessive alleles that Mendel studied were most likely the result of ____________ of function mutations.

loss

The recessive alleles that Mendel studied were most likely the result of ____________ of function mutations.

no activity

Loss-of-function mutations help to discover a gene's ____________ .

function

The central dogma of biology is that DNA produces RNA which produces protein. An allele that does not produce RNA ____________ therefore be an allele that has a loss-of-function mutation.

would

The most likely reason that a dominant phenotype is seen in the first filial generation of Mendel's experiments is that the ____________ allele produces enough functional protein for normal development.

dominant

A true breeding line of green pod pea plants is crossed with a true-breeding line of yellow pod plants. All of their offspring have green pods. From this information, it can be stated that the green color is _____ to the yellow color.

-recessive

-dominant

-subservient

-blended

-None of these choices are correct

-dominant

An individual who has two identical alleles for a trait is said to be ___________.

-homozygous

-heterozygous

-isozygous

-a variant

-homozygous

An individual who has two different alleles for a trait is called ____________.

-haploid

-homozygous

-heterozygous

-isozygous

-true-breeding

-heterozygous

If two individuals with different distinct characteristics are mated, their offspring is called a _______.

-strain

-true-breeding line

-gamete

-cross

-hybrid

-hybrid

If over several generations a trait does not vary in a group of organisms, that group can be called a _______

-dihybrid

-hybrid

-true-breeding line

-variant

-cross-fertilized line

-true-breeding line

A(an) _______ is a variation of a gene

-trait

-character

-gamete

-allele

-variant

-allele

When Mendel crossed two plants that were heterozygous for a single trait, what was the phenotypic ratio of their offspring?

-1:2:1

-9:3:3:1

-3:1

-7:4

-Varied depending on the trait

-3:1

A cross in which a researcher investigates the patterns of inheritance of a single trait is called a __________.

-monohybrid cross

-dihybrid cross

-two-factor cross

-cross-fertilization

-self-fertilization

-monohybrid cross

Ss X Ss :

Ss X ss :

SS X ss :

-Progeny with all the same genotype

-Equal number of progeny with dominant and recessive phenotypes

-Most of the progeny will have a dominant phenotype

-Progeny with genotypic ratio 1:1

-Progeny with genotypic ratio of 1:2:1

-All the progeny will have a dominant phenotype

-Progeny with all the same phenotype

-All progeny have recessive phenotype

-Progeny with phenotypic ratio of 3:1

-Progeny with phenotypic ratio 1:1

Ss X Ss :

-Progeny with phenotypic ratio of 3:1

-Progeny with genotypic ratio of 1:2:1

-Most of the progeny will have a dominant phenotype

Ss X ss :

-Progeny with phenotypic ratio 1:1

-Progeny with genotypic ratio 1:1

-Equal number of progeny with dominant and recessive phenotypes

SS X ss :

-Progeny with all the same phenotype

-Progeny with all the same genotype

-All the progeny will have a dominant phenotype

According to the Law of Segregation different alleles will ____________ segregate into different gametes

randomly

Segregation of the alleles means that a gamete has a ____________ chance of getting a particular allele.

50%

The Law of Segregation means that the number of gametes with one allele should be ____________ the number of gametes with the other allele.

equal to

The Law of Segregation allows for the prediction of alleleic combinations in the progeny based on ____________ .

probability

When Mendel crossed two plants that were heterozygous for a single trait, what was the genotypic ratio of their offspring?

-1:2:1

-9:3:3:1

-3:1

-1:1

-Varied depending on the trait

-1:2:1

Mendel's work with monohybrid crosses provided proof of which of the following?

-blending theory of inheritance.

-particulate theory of inheritance.

-chromosomal theory of inheritance.

-pangenesis.

-none of the answers are correct

-particulate theory of inheritance.

In a Punnett square diagram, the outside of the box represents the _________.

-diploid offspring

-haploid offspring

-diploid gametes

-haploid gametes

-haploid gametes

If two people who are both carriers for PKU have a child, what is the likelihood the child will be born with PKU?

-50%

-75%

-25%

-100%

-25%

If two people who are heterozygous for the PKU allele have a child with PKU, what is the likelihood their next child will have PKU?

-50%

-75%

-25%

-100%

-25%

When a heterozygous plant with round seeds (Rr) is mated to a plant with wrinkled seeds (rr)what fraction of the progeny are heterozygous?\

-2/3

-1/2

-1/4

-3/4

-1/2

When a heterozygous plant with round seeds (Rr) is mated to a plant with wrinkled seeds (rr) what fraction of the progeny are homozygous?

-2/3

-1/2

-1/4

-3/4

-1/2

If two heterozygous plants with round seeds (Rr) are mated, what fraction of the progeny with round seeds (rr) are genotypically heterozygous?

-2/3

-1/2

-1/4

-3/4

-2/3

Mendel's work with two-factor (dihybrid) crosses led directly to which of the following?

-Chromosomal theory of inheritance

-Particulate theory of inheritance

-Law of segregation

-Law of independent assortment

-Theory of biological evolution

-Law of independent assortment

In a dihybrid cross using Mendelian inheritance, if both parents are heterozygous for both traits, what will be the phenotypic ratio of their offspring?

-3:1

-1:2:1

-1:1

-9:3:3:1

-9:3:3:1

The Law of Indepdent Assortment is based on Mendel's experiments with ____________ .

two factors

Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states that two different ____________ will be randomly assorted into the gametes.

genes

Due to the Law of Independent Assortment the probability of different alleleic combinations being present in a gamete is calculated by the ____________ of the frequencies of those alleles.

product

The Law of Independent Assortment applies to meiosis in ____________ .

both males and females

If 100 different ova from an SsRr individual are genotyped the number of ova that would have the SR allelic combination would be predicted to be ____________ .

25

In a genetic cross, the _______ represent offspring with genetic combinations that were not found in the parental lines.

-P generation

-nonrecombinants

-parentals

-nonparentals

-None of these choices are correct

-nonparentals

The Law of Independent Assortment states that __________.

-two different genes will randomly assort their alleles during the formation of haploid cells

-two different alleles will randomly assort during the formation of haploid cells

-two different genes will NOT randomly assort their alleles during the formation of haploid cells

-two different genes will randomly assort their alleles during the formation of diploid cells

-two different genes will randomly assort their alleles during the formation of haploid cells

[Part 1]

round/yellow (RR YY) (RR Yy)

round/yellow (Rr YY) (Rr Yy)

wrinkled/yellow (rr YY) (rr yy)

round/green (RR yy)

round/green (Rr yy)

wrinkled/green (rr yy)

A plant that produces wrinkled, green seeds was mated to a plant that produces phenotypically round, yellow seeds. In the F1 generation, half of the plants produced round, yellow seeds and the other half produced round, green seeds. What was the genotype of the parental plant that produced round, yellow seeds?

-RRYy

-RRYY

-RrYY

-RrYy

-RRYy

[Part 2]

A plant that produces wrinkled, green seeds was mated to a plant that produces phenotypically round, yellow seeds. In the F1 generation, half of the plants produced round, yellow seeds and the other half produced round, green seeds. The round, yellow F1 seeds were planted and those plants were allowed to self-fertilize. In the F2 generation what fraction of the seeds will be genotypically identical to the plants of the parental generation?

-3/16

-1/16

-1/4

-9/16

-3/16

[Part 3]

You crossed a plant with wrinkled, yellow seeds to a plant with round, green seeds. In the F1 generation you observed that all of the progeny had round, yellow seeds. What were the genotypes of the parental plants?

-rrYY and RRyy

-rrYY and Rryy

-rrYy and RRyy

-rrYy and Rryy

-rrYY and RRyy

The chance that an outcome will occur in the future is called the outcome's ____________ .

probability

A mating of an Ss individual to an individual that is SS has a probability of producing an SS offspring of ____________ .

50%

The binomial equation can be used to determine the probability of the ____________ combination of events occurring.

unordered

Probability is the number of times a particular outcome occurs divided by the ____________ .

total number of possible outcomes

Probability theory can be applied to inheritance since each gamete will have an ____________ chance of containing any one allele or allelic combination.

equal

Predict the probability of obtaining different progeny from the mating of SsRr x SsRr using the product rule.

Genotype of progeny = Probability of occurence

SsRr= 25%

SSRr= 12.5%

ssRR= 6.25%

SsRR= 12.5%

ssrr= 6.25%

SSrr= 6.25%

=18.75%

=25%

=12.5%

=50%

=56.25%

=6.25%

=33%

=75%

The chance that a future event will occur is called ____________.

-probability

-goodness of fit

-degrees of freedom

-random selection

-All of these choices are correct

-probability