Nursing Care of the Child With a Gastrointestinal Disorder

Flashcards about Nursing Care of the Child With a Gastrointestinal Disorder

Until what age is the GI tract of babies not fully mature?

Age 2

Why is the mouth a common entry point for infectious invaders in infants?

The mouth is highly vascular, and infants repeatedly bring objects to their mouth.

Until what age the muscle tone of the LES is not fully developed, making them frequently regurgitate after feedings?

Age 1 month

What is the stomach capacity of newborns?

10 to 20 mL

By what age does hydrochloric acid reach the adult level in children?

6 months

What happens to water and electrolytes during dehydration?

Water and electrolytes (sodium, chloride, potassium, and bicarbonate) are lost through liquid stools, vomit, sweat, urine, and breathing.

Why does dehydration occur more readily in infants and young children?

Infants and young children have an increased extracellular fluid percentage and a relative increase in body water compared to adults. They also have an increased basal metabolic rate, increased body surface area, immature renal function, and increased insensible fluid loss through temperature elevation.

What can dehydration lead to if left unchecked?

Shock (hypovolemic shock)

What should mothers be educated about in treatment plan A for dehydration?

The importance of extra fluid and continuing to feed the child (never withhold feeding).

What type of drinks should be avoided, because it may lead to osmotic diarrhoea and hypernatraemia?

Drinks sweetened with sugar.

How much fluid should be given after each loose stool to children under 2 years of age in treatment plan A?

50-100 ml

How much fluid should be given after each loose stool to children aged 2 up to 10 years in treatment plan A?

100-200 ml

For how long supplemental zinc should be given to the child, every day in treatment plan A for dehydration?

10 to 14 days.

In treatment plan B for dehydration, how much ORS solution should the child receive?

75 ml / kg in the first 4 hours.

Which feeding method should continue as often and as long as the infant wants, even during oral rehydration?

Breastfeeding

In treatment plan C for dehydration, how Rapid intravenous rehydration should be done?

Start 100 ml/kg Ringer's Lactate Solution divided as follows: infants under 12 months give 30 ml/kg in 1 hour, then give 70ml/kg in 5 hours, older children first give 30 ml/kg in 30 minutes, then give 70ml/kg in 2 1/2 hours

How often to assess patients during intravenous rehydration?

Every 15-30 minutes until a strong radial pulse is present

What are the signs that a mother should be educated about for which she should immediately seek medical help from?

Starts to pass many watery stools, has repeated vomiting, becomes very thirsty, is eating or drinking poorly, develops a fever, or has blood in the stool.

Define Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)

A fungal infection of the oral mucosa.

What are the risk factors of thrush?

Immune disorders, using corticosteroid inhalers, receiving therapy that suppresses the immune system (e.g., chemotherapy for cancer), antibiotic use and fungal infection transmitted between the infant and breastfeeding mother.

What does thrush appears as?

Thick white patches on the tongue, mucosa, or palate, resembling curdled milk.

How should be administered oral antifungal agents (Mycostatin suspension )?

Four times per day following feeding to allow the medication to remain in contact with the lesions.

Define Celiac disease

An immunologic disorder in which gluten, a product most commonly found in grains, causes damage to the small intestine.

What are the classic symptoms of children with celiac disease?

Diarrhea or constipation, steatorrhea (fatty stools), nutritional deficiencies, anemia, delayed onset of puberty or amenorrhea, failure to thrive or weight loss, abdominal distention or bloating, poor muscle tone, dental disorders, irritability and listlessness

How should be the diet of a child with celiac disease?

The child must adhere to a strict gluten-free diet for his or her entire life.

Define Cleft lip and palate

The most common congenital craniofacial anomaly

What are the most common anomalies associated with cleft lip and cleft palate?

Heart defects, ear malformations, skeletal deformities, and genitourinary abnormality.

What are the complications of cleft lip and palate?

Feeding difficulties, altered dentition, delayed or altered speech development, and otitis media

When should be Cleft lip repaired surgically?

Around the age of 2 to 3 months

When should be Cleft palate repaired surgically?

At 9 to 18 months.

In what position should be place the infant after cleft lip and left palate surgery?

In a supine or side-lying position