Cell Biology Concepts

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to cell biology, including definitions and functions of various cellular structures.

Cell Membrane

A protective barrier that surrounds the cell, made of carbon components.

Mitochondria

Often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell, it produces energy from glucose.

Nucleus

The controlling unit of the cell that contains genetic material.

Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance inside the cell where many chemical reactions occur, consisting of water, minerals, enzymes, and organelles.

Organelles

Specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct processes, including mitochondria, plastids, and the Golgi complex.

Plastids

Organelles found only in plant cells that carry out photosynthesis and store food.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

A type of endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes on its surface and is involved in protein synthesis.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

A type of endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis.

Lysosomes

Organelles that digest unwanted materials in the cell, often causing cell death.

Golgi Complex

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Vacuoles

Storage structures within cells that can hold food, water, or waste.

Tissue

Groups of cells that work together to perform specific functions.

Organs

Structures made up of different types of tissues that perform specific functions in the body.

Cell Division

The process by which a cell divides to form two or more daughter cells.