Med term unit 8

What are the components of blood

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

What is the function of red blood cells

Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide through the blood as the cells travel through the circulatory system

What is the function of white blood cells

To fight off infection

What is the function of platelets

The help to clot the blood

Where are new blood cells created

The bone marrow

What is the function of plasma

Plasma acts as the liquid component of blood; the albumin in the plasma helps to maintain the proper amount of water in the blood; fibrinogen and prothrombin help with clotting

What are the four human blood types

A, AB, O, and B

Which blood type is the universal receiver

AB+

Which blood type is the universal donor

O-

Which body systems work together to form the immune system

Integumentary system, respiratory, digestive, lymphatic

What is lymph

Also known as lymphatic fluid or interstitial fluid

What is contained in lymph? what parts are not?

*Contains* leukocytes and plasma but does not contain erythrocytes or platelets

Lymph nodes

filter foreign substances from lymph and produces lymphocytes which detect and destroy foreign cells

Tonsils

trap pathogens that enter through the mouth and nose

Thymus

secretes thymosin which stimulates the bone marrow to manufacture T cells

Liver

filters blood through hemolysis

Peyer’s patches

protect the body against harmful invaders that enter through the digestive system

Spleen

filters the blood by destroying worn out red blood cells; produces lymphocytes, stores thrombocytes, and serves as a reservoir for blood

Natural active immunity

when we contract an infection

Artificial active immunity

occurs when we are given a vaccine

Natural passive immunity

when antibodies are passed from a mother to a child through breastfeeding or the placenta

Artificial acquired passive immunity

when we are injected with antibodies from the blood serum of an individual that has already been infected

Anemia

disorder involving a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin

Hemophilia

blood fails to clot normally due to the absence of a clotting protein in the blood

Leukemia

cancer of the blood-forming tissue of bone marrow; causes an excessive increase in WBCs

Multiple myeloma

cancer of the blood in which plasma cells grow uncontrollably in the bone marrow

Polycythemia

bone marrow disorder that causes excessive production of RBCs

AIDS

suppression of the immune response caused by exposure to HIV which destroys the body’s infection

Autoimmune disease

a disease in which the immune system attacks the cells or tissues in one’s own body

Lymphoma

malignant cancer of the lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue

Mononucleosis

acute, infectious illness, usually caused by the Epstein Barr virus, and marked by an increased number of atypical lymphocytes and monocytes

Splenomegaly

enlargement of the spleen which is often associated with the destruction of blood cells

Apheresis

separation of blood into its component parts using a special machine

Biopsy

the removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination to determine the presence of the disease

Coagulation test

any of a variety of tests that measure the ability of a patient's blood to clot properly

Complete blood count

measures the total number of RBC’s, WBC’s and platelets in the blood

Immunoelectrophoresis

a test that measures immunoglobulins in the blood based on differences in electrical charge and reactivity

Serology

screen’s a person’s blood for antigen

Antibiotic

drug that fights or prevents bacterial infections

Corticosteroid

a hormone

Cytotoxics

drug that kills or damages cells, preventing them from proliferating

Immunosuppressants

a drug that prevents or reduces the body’s normal reactions to invasion

adenoid/o

Adenoids

agglutin/o

Clumping; sticking together

angi/o

Vessel (blood)

arteri/o

Artery

cyt/o

Cell

erythr/o

Red

fung/o

Fungus

hem/a

Blood

hem/o

Blood

hemat/o

Blood

iatr/o

Physician; treatment

immun/o

Immune; protection

kary/o

Nucleus

leuk/o

White

log/o

Study

ly/o

Break down; dissolve; loosen

lymph/o

Lymph

lymphat/o

Lymph

lymphaden/o

Lymph node

lymphangi/o

Lymph vessel

morph/o

Shape; form

myel/o

Bone marrow; spinal cord

nucle/o

Nucleus

path/o

Disease

phag/o

Eat; swallow; digest

phleb/o

Vein

ser/o

Serum; serous

splen/o

Spleen

thromb/o

Clot

thym/o

Thymus

tonsill/o

Tonsils

tox/o

Poison

ven/i

Vein

ven/o

Vein

vir/o

Virus

a-

Not; without

an-

Not; without

anti-

Against

auto-

Self

con-

Together; with

en-

In; within

epi-

On; over; upon

macro-

Large

mega-

Large

meta-

Change; beyond

mono-

One; single

neo-

New

poly-

Many; much

pro-

Before; forward

trans-

Across

-al, -ar, -ic, -ical, -tic

Pertaining to

-ation

Process; condition

-blast

Developing cell

-crit

To separate

-cyte

Cell

-e

(noun suffix with no meaning)

-ectomy

Surgical removal; excision

-emia

Blood condition