CHM 1033 Chemistry for Health Science Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes covering matter, energy, and heat.

What is Chemistry?

The scientific study of matter and its properties, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy associated with those changes.

What is Matter?

Material that makes up all things that occupies space and has mass.

What is Mass?

Measures the quantity of matter and is independent of location.

What is Weight?

A measure of the gravitational force acting on an object and is dependent on location.

What is a Pure Substance?

Matter that has a definite composition and a fixed set of properties; cannot be physically separated into simpler substances.

What are Mixtures?

Contain two or more different pure substances physically mixed but not chemically combined.

What is an Element?

The simplest type of pure substance, composed of only one type of atom.

What is a Compound?

Consists of atoms of two or more elements always chemically combined in the same proportion.

What are Chemical Elements?

Pure substances from which all other things are built and cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

What are Chemical Symbols?

Abbreviations for the names of the elements, consisting of one or two letters.

What is an Atom?

The smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of that element.

What is a Molecule?

Consists of two or more atoms that are chemically bound together.

What are Diatomic Molecules?

Contain two atoms.

What are Triatomic Molecules?

Contain three atoms.

What are Polyatomic Molecules?

Contain more than three atoms.

What are Homoatomic Molecules?

Contain only one kind of atom.

What are Heteroatomic Molecules?

Contain two or more kinds of atoms.

What are Homogeneous Mixtures?

The composition is uniform throughout the sample.

What are Heterogeneous Mixtures?

The composition varies from one part of the mixture to another.

How is the Periodic Table organized?

Elements are arranged according to their atomic number with groups containing elements with similar properties in vertical columns and periods are horizontal rows.

What are Metals?

Typically shiny solids, good conductors, lose electrons and form cations (easily oxidized).

What are Nonmetals?

Typically not shiny, poor conductors, tend to gain electrons and form anions (easily reduced).

What are Metalloids?

Intermediate properties between metals and nonmetals.

What is the Gas state of matter?

Particles are far apart, move freely, and fill the available space.

What is the Liquid state of matter?

Particles are close together but move around one another.

What is the Solid state of matter?

Particles are close together in a regular array and do not move around one another.

What are Physical Properties?

Characteristics that can be observed or measured without affecting the identity of a substance.

What is a Physical Change?

Occurs in a substance if there is a change in the state of matter, physical shape, or size, but no change in composition.

What are Chemical Properties?

Describes the ability of a substance to interact with other substances or to transform into one or more new substances.

What is a Chemical Change?

One or more substances are converted into one or more new substances with different composition, chemical, and physical properties.

What is Kinetic Energy?

The energy of motion.

What is Potential Energy?

The energy a particle has as a result of being attracted to or repelled by other particles.

What is Chemical Energy?

A form of potential energy stored within bonds that hold atoms together.

What is Temperature?

Measure of how hot or cold something is relative to some standard.

What is a calorie (cal)?

The quantity of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C.

What is the nutritional Calorie (Cal)?

The unit that measures energy available from food.

What is Heat?

A form of energy that is transferred between two systems or objects with different temperatures.

What does a positive (+) sign for heat indicate?

System gains heat from the surroundings (endothermic).

What does a negative (-) sign for heat indicate?

System releases heat to the surroundings (exothermic).

What is Sensible Heat?

The heat absorbed or released by a substance that does not change its state of matter.

What is Specific Heat Capacity?

The quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 gram of the substance by 1°C.

What is Latent Heat?

The heat absorbed or released by one gram of a substance to change its state of matter at a constant temperature (J/g).