Protein Synthesis, Transcription, and Translation

Flashcards about Protein Synthesis, Transcription, and Translation

What is protein synthesis?

The process in which a cell makes a protein.

What is transcription?

The first phase of protein synthesis, where DNA is converted into mRNA.

What is translation?

The second phase of protein synthesis, where mRNA is converted to tRNA and a protein molecule is assembled.

What's a dogma?

A definite authoritative principle

Describe Central Dogma of Biology

DNA resides in the nucleus; Transcription: DNA is used as a template to make RNA; Translation: RNA is used as a template to make proteins; Protein is used by the organism.

Where does DNA reside within the cell?

Nucleus

What is produced during transcription?

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Where does translation take place?

ribosome

What molecule is crucial in moving amino acids during translation?

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Which nucleotide pairs with Guanine in DNA?

Cytosine

Which nucleotide pairs with Adenine in RNA?

Uracil

What nitrogenous bases are found in RNA?

A, C, G, U

What are the three parts of an RNA nucleotide?

Phosphate Group, Pentose Sugar (Ribose), Nitrogenous Base (A, C, G, U)

What is a base insertion mutation?

One nucleotide is inserted into the DNA sequence.

What is a base deletion mutation?

One nucleotide is deleted from the DNA sequence.

What is a substitution mutation?

One nucleotide is substituted for a different nucleotide.

What is a three-base insertion mutation?

Three nucleotides are added or deleted to the DNA sequence.

What terms are important in describing the central dogma of molecular biology?

DNA, nucleotides, RNA polymerase, mRNA, tRNA, ribosome, protein, amino acids, transcription, and translation

What is the order of the Transcription and Translation cards?

D, F, E, J, A, H, B, G, C, I

What are amino acids?

Building blocks of a protein.