Reptilia Lab 1: General Anatomy

#1

Eggshell

Eggshell Function

Protection, hard outer coating made of shell units made of calcium carbonate

#2

Outer membrane

#3

Inner Membrane

#4

Chalaza

Chalaza function

stringy albumin twists around the ovum early in egg formation to create a membranous sac and chords that center and support the yolk and developing embryo

#5 and 6

Albumin

Albumin function

watery, functions to provide water for embryo early in development and protein later in development. Also prevents bacterial growth

#7

Yolk Membrane

#8

Nucleus of Pander

Nucleus of Pander Function

nutritive layer

#9

Germinal Disc (developing embryo

#10 and 11

yolk

Yolk function

contains the building blocks for development and growth, including proteins, carbs, lipids, and vitamins

#14

Air shell

Air shell function

region of the egg where moisture and CO2 levels are regulated

Direct Development

embryos form as mini version of adult

Egg tooth

functions to help embryo break out of egg

Anal Scales

either single or double, form a flap over or around the cloaca

Apical Pores

Small pits found on the margins or middle of some scales

Cycloid Scales

Scales with a rounded outer edge, usually imbricate

Dorsal scales

found on dorsal side of the body

Granular scales

appear like tiny beads

Imbricate

those scales that overlap like shingles

Juxtaposed

placed adjacent to each other

Keeled

scales with a prominent ridge running down the middle

Mucronate

ending in a prominent point or V at posterior end

Rectangular

rectangle shape, either small or large

Smooth

unkeeled

subcaudal scales

single or divided, found on ventral surface of the tail

Lamellae

modified scales associate with fingers and toes

Ventral scales

Found on the ventral surface of the body

Precloacal/femoral pores

present on male lizards, produce chemicals for communication between sexes

A

Cervical scutes

B

Marginal scutes

C

vertebral scutes

D

pleural scutes

magenta

Gular scutes

light blue

humeral scutes

brown

pectoral scutes

green

Abdominal scutes

purple

femoral scute

yellow

anal scutes

light pink

axillary scutes

light purple

inguinal scutes

a

anapsid skull

b

synapsid

c

diapsid skull

d

euryapsid skull

1

Premaxilla

2

nares

3

maxilla

4

nasal

5

lacrimal

6

prefrontal

7

orbit

8

frontal

9

postorbital

10

jugal

11

subtemporal fenestra

12

quadratojugal

13

quadrate

14

supratemporal fenestra

15

parietal

16

squamosal

1

incisive foramen

2

palatine

3

postpalatine vacuity

4

ectopterygoid

5

pterygoid

6

internal nares

7

quadrate