AP Government and Politics Unit 2 List 2

Ad Hoc Structure

system of organizing the White House staff where advisors report directly to the President on specific isues

12th Amendment

procedures on how the President and Vice President are elected

20th Amendment

changed start and end dates of presidential and congressional terms

22nd Amendment

limited President to 2 terms

23rd Amendment

Granted DC 3 electoral votes

25th Amendment

establishes order of succession for President

28th Amendment

not actually considered amendment because not written into Constitution; proposed prohibiting discrimination based on sex

Amnesty

government pardon for individuals/groups who have committed political offenses

Bully Pulpit

Presiden't’s ability to use the office to influence opinion and policy

Cabinet

group of appointed advisors who lead executive departments

Chief of State

President as the symbolic leader

Chief of Staff

top aide to President; manages White House staff

Clemency

act by the President of extending mercy to a convicted individual

Emergency Power

powers exercised by the President during crises

Executive Office of the President (EOP)

group of agencies and departments that assist the President

Expressed Powers

powers specifically written in the Constitution allocated to the President

Federal Register

daily publication of government regulations, executive orders, etc.

Gridlock

political stalemate where government cannot pass legislation due to divided control

Impeachment

charging a government official, typically the President, with misconduct and accusing them of wrongdoing

Inherent Power

powers not specifically written in the Constitution but are necessary

Kitchen Cabinet

informal group of advisors for President

Legislative Veto

ability of Congress to override an executive decision

Line-item Veto

power that allows the executive branch to reject specific parts of a bill without rejecting the entire legislation

National Security Council

major advisory body to the President for national security and foreign policies

Office of Management and Budget

federal agency responsible for overseeing financial spending of the federal budget and implementation of financial policies

Pardon

declaration by executive branch of forgiveness and freedom from punishment

Pocket Veto

President does NOT act on a bill late in session and lets it die

Pyramid Structure

federal court structure where a case must go through a district court, US Court of Appeal, before reaching the Supreme Court

Reprieve

order given by President to delay punishment

Signing Statement

informal power that informs Congress and the public of the President’s interpretation of the law

Statutory Power

powers granted to the President through laws passed by Congress, rather than those stated in the Constitution

War Powers Resolution

1973 law requiring President to notify Congress within 48 hours of deploying military forces and withdraw troops within 60 days