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Edward Muybridge
Used multiple cameras to capture motion; proved all four of a horse's hooves leave the ground
Lumière Brothers
Inventors of the Cinématographe and fathers of the realistic film tradition
Georges Méliès
Director of "A Trip to the Moon" and pioneer of formalism and special effects
D.W.Griffith
The filmmaker credited with developing "Classical Cutting" and modern film grammar
Camera Obscura
An early "dark room" device that used a pinhole to project an inverted image
Realism
A film style that emphasizes documentary-like truth and the "what" of the image
Formalism
A film style that emphasizes subjective interpretation and the "how" of the image
3-Point Lighting
A technique using Key, Fill, and Back lights to create a professional, 3D look
Hard Light
Lighting that creates distinct, sharp-edged shadows and high contrast
Soft Light
Diffused lighting that reduces shadows and creates a more flattering look
Wide-Angle Lens
A lens with a short focal length that provides a deep depth of field
Telephoto Lens
A lens with a long focal length that flattens space and has a shallow depth of field
Rack Focus
The act of changing focus during a shot from one subject to another
Pan
A horizontal camera movement on a fixed axis
Tilt
A vertical camera movement on a fixed axis
Dolly Shot
A shot taken from a moving platform or wheels, often following a subject
Steadicam
A camera stabilization system that allows for smooth handheld-style movement
Analytical Editing
Editing that begins with an establishing shot and breaks the space down into details
Constructive Editing
Editing that builds a scene from separate shots without an initial establishing shot
Kuleshov Effect
The theory that film meaning is created through the juxtaposition of shots
Continuity Editing
The "invisible" style of editing that maintains clear spatial and temporal relationships
J-Cut
An edit where the audio from the next scene starts before the video appears
L-Cut
An edit where the audio from the previous scene continues into the next video shot
Mise-en-scène
"Placing on stage"; everything visible within the frame of a shot
Dominant
The area of the film image that compels the viewer's most immediate attention