Hazrat Umar's Caliphate 2024-1 (1)

Caliphate of Hazrat Umar

Period of rule from 634 to 644 AD during which Hazrat Umar expanded the Islamic empire and implemented significant administrative reforms.

Majlis e Shura

A council of prominent companions of the Prophet that Hazrat Umar established to consult on important matters.

Wali

The governor of a province in the Islamic state, responsible for both civil and military leadership.

Bait ul Maal

The public treasury in the Islamic state that was used for collecting and distributing wealth.

Judiciary

The legal system established under Hazrat Umar where judges (Qazis) were independent and impartial.

Diwan

The department of finance during Hazrat Umar’s rule, responsible for regulating the revenue and expenditures of the caliphate.

Battle of Qadisiya

A decisive battle fought between the Muslims and Persians in 636 AD, leading to the collapse of the Persian Empire.

Battle of Yarmuk

A significant battle fought in 636 AD between the Muslims and the Byzantines that resulted in a decisive Muslim victory and the conquest of Syria.

Nihawand

The last major battle against the Persians in 642 AD, known as the 'Victory of Victories,' sealing the fate of the Persian Empire.

Treaty of Jerusalem

An agreement made by Hazrat Umar during the surrender of Jerusalem that guaranteed safety and security for the inhabitants and allowed freedom of worship.

Dhimmis

Non-Muslims living under Islamic rule, particularly Jews and Christians, with protected status and responsibilities such as paying Jizya.

Islamic Hijri Calendar

The lunar calendar system introduced by Hazrat Umar, marking the beginning of the Islamic era.

Battle of Buwaib

A crucial battle in which the Muslims defeated a much larger Persian army, securing Muslim control in the region.

Census

An official count of the population implemented by Hazrat Umar for effective governance and resource allocation.

Administrative Reforms

Changes made by Hazrat Umar to improve the functioning of the state and welfare of its people during his caliphate.

Constitution Based on Democracy

The system of governance established by Hazrat Umar, involving consultation and representation in decision-making processes.

Simple Life of Hazrat Umar

Despite being a powerful ruler, he lived modestly with a focus on the welfare of his people, setting an example of humility.

Governor's Accountability

The system of checks established by Hazrat Umar where all governors had to account for their actions, promoting transparency and honesty.

Military Organization Under Hazrat Umar

The structuring of the army with respect to discipline and welfare, ensuring soldiers lived in organized camps (cantonments).

Economic Prosperity

The state of wealth and self-sufficiency achieved during Umar’s caliphate, leading to very few citizens in need of zakat.