The Presidency #1

Congressional Checks

• Can override presidential vetoes with a two-thirds vote.
  
  

• Controls funding through the power of the purse.
  
  

• Must approve treaties (Senate) and confirm presidential appointments.
  
  

• Can impeach and remove the president.
  
  

Can pass laws to limit executive actions (e.g., War Powers Resolution).

Supreme Court Checks

• Uses judicial review to declare executive actions unconstitutional.
  
  

• Interprets laws and executive orders.
  
  

• Can limit presidential power through court rulings.

With the Bureaucracy

• Appoint agency heads and issue executive orders.
  
  

• Use administrative rules to influence policy implementation.
  
  

• Rely on experts and civil servants to carry out laws.

With Congress

• Lobby lawmakers to support legislation.
  
  

• Use veto threats and negotiations to influence bills.
  
  

• Face increased partisanship, often leading to gridlock.
  
  

With the Public

• Use media, social media, and speeches to shape public opinion.
  
  

• Employ the “bully pulpit” to rally support.
  
  

• Hold press conferences and public appearances to maintain visibility.