3.2 carbohydrate and fat metabolism

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20 Terms

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outline metabolism

all the set of biochemical reactions that occur within an organism, including anabolic and catabolic reactions

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outline anabolism

reactions requiring energy whereby small molecules are built-up to larger ones

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outline catabolism

reactions releasing net energy that break down complex organic compounds into simpler ones

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what is glycogen

a multi-branched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage

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glycogen major storage sites

liver and skeletal muscle

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triglyceride storage sites

adipose tissue (fat) and skeletal muscle

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where is insulin produced

the pancreas

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what is the role of insulin in formation of glycogen

allows the body to use sugar from food for energy or to store glucose for future use

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insulin other functions

  • regulates blood glucose level s

  • encourages liver to remove glucose from blood and store as glycogen

  • shuttles nutrients into cells

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where is glucagon produced

pancreas

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what does glucagon do

  • prevents blood glucose levels from dropping to low

  • acts on liver stimulating the conversion of glycogen to glucose

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insulin and the accumulation of body fat

diet with lots of sugar and fat will have high release of insulin, increasing glycogen storage and accumulation of fat. when glycogen stores are full, insulin stores glucose as fat

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glycolysis

process of converting glucose into atp

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glycogenesis

formatiin of glycogen from glucose

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lipogenesis

convertion of glucose into lipids

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glycogenolysis

break down of glycogen to glucose, result of glucagon

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impact of glycogenolysis

  • increase blood glucose

  • energy

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lipolysis

breakdown of fat stored in fat cells

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insulin during exercise

exercise inhibits the release of insulin

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muscle contraction on glucose uptake

glucose transporters move from the inner cell to the membrane, increasing the uptake of glucose from blood to be used by the muscle