3.2 carbohydrate and fat metabolism

outline metabolism

outline metabolism

all the set of biochemical reactions that occur within an organism, including anabolic and catabolic reactions

outline anabolism

reactions requiring energy whereby small molecules are built-up to larger ones

outline catabolism

reactions releasing net energy that break down complex organic compounds into simpler ones

what is glycogen

a multi-branched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage

glycogen major storage sites

liver and skeletal muscle

triglyceride storage sites

adipose tissue (fat) and skeletal muscle

where is insulin produced

the pancreas

what is the role of insulin in formation of glycogen

allows the body to use sugar from food for energy or to store glucose for future use

insulin other functions

• regulates blood glucose level s

• encourages liver to remove glucose from blood and store as glycogen

• shuttles nutrients into cells

where is glucagon produced

pancreas

what does glucagon do

• prevents blood glucose levels from dropping to low

• acts on liver stimulating the conversion of glycogen to glucose

insulin and the accumulation of body fat

diet with lots of sugar and fat will have high release of insulin, increasing glycogen storage and accumulation of fat. when glycogen stores are full, insulin stores glucose as fat

glycolysis

process of converting glucose into atp

glycogenesis

formatiin of glycogen from glucose

lipogenesis

convertion of glucose into lipids

glycogenolysis

break down of glycogen to glucose, result of glucagon

impact of glycogenolysis

• increase blood glucose

• energy

lipolysis

breakdown of fat stored in fat cells

insulin during exercise

exercise inhibits the release of insulin

muscle contraction on glucose uptake

glucose transporters move from the inner cell to the membrane, increasing the uptake of glucose from blood to be used by the muscle