light independent reaction(Calvin cycle)

Calvin cycle

light-independent reactions that use ATP and NADPH to produce carbohydrates from CO₂

G3P

3-carbon sugar produced by the Calvin cycle

G3P to glucose

2 G3P combine to form 1 glucose

Calvin cycle requirement

cycle must occur 3 times to produce 1 G3P

Calvin cycle location

stroma of the chloroplast

carbon fixation

CO₂ is incorporated into the Calvin cycle one molecule at a time

RuBP

5-carbon molecule that CO₂ attaches to during carbon fixation

rubisco

enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of CO₂ with RuBP

reduction phase

ATP and NADPH convert 3-PGA into G3P

3-PGA

molecule formed after CO₂ fixation that becomes reduced

G3P yield

6 G3P are produced but only 1 G3P exits the cycle

RuBP regeneration

5 G3P molecules are rearranged to regenerate 3 RuBP

ATP use in regeneration

requires 3 ATP

cycle readiness

after RuBP is regenerated the cycle can accept CO₂ again

glucose formation

2 G3P molecules leaving the cycle form 1 glucose