Chapter 8 - Foundations of Biology

Photosynthesis

Process of turning light energy into chemical energy; CO2 reduced and H2O oxidized

2 parts of photosynthesis

Light reactions and carbon fixation

Where light reactions take place

Chloroplast, thylakoid membrane

Photosynthetic pigments

Absorb light energy and transfer to neighboring pigment molecules

Parts of photosystem

Proteins, antenna chlorophyll molecules, accessory pigment molecules, and reaction center chlorophyll

Function of protein in photosytem

Where pigment binds

Function of antenna chlorophyll molecules and accessory pigment molecules in photosystem

Absorb different wavelengths and pass to center chlorophyll

Function of reaction center chlorophyll in photosystem

Uses energy to energize electron and pass to electron acceptor, oxidized once electron leaves

Linear electron flow of PSI and PSII products

ATP and NADPH

Steps to make ATP in light reactions

Electron passed form PSII to ETC, pumps H+ in thylakoid space, H+ flow back out through ATP synthase

Steps to make NADPH in light reactions

Low energy electron from ETC to PSI, boosts energy of electron, passed to NADP+ reductase, reduces NADP+ to NADPH

Net inputs of light reactions

Light energy, H2O, ADP+Pi, NADP+

Net outputs of light reactions

O2, ATP, NADPH

Where carbon fixation takes place

Chloroplast, in stroma

Net input of Calvin cycle

ATP, NADPH, CO2

Net outputs of Calvin cycle

ADP, NADP+, carbohydrate

Cyclic electron flow products

ATP

What to do with excess carbohydrates

Stored away as starch

How does ROS damage cell

Excess electrons made into O2 and make reactive oxygen species, cause oxidation

Enzyme importation for cellular respiration and Calvin cycle

Rubisco, fixes CO2, most abundant enzyme on earth