Chapter 9 HIst 105 - nationalism and sectionalism

The Second Bank of the United States was chartered in 1816 for 20 years.

True

The Cumberland Road was the first interstate highway in the United States.

True

The Tariff of 1816 was supported equally by both the North and the South.

False

The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice John Marshall, generally favored state rights over federal power.

False

The Panic of 1819 was primarily caused by the sudden rise in cotton prices.

False

The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to enter as a free state.

False

The Monroe Doctrine was immediately enforced by military action.

False

Henry Clay was known as "The Great Compromiser."

True

The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 resulted in the U.S. acquiring Florida from Spain.

True

John Quincy Adams won the 1824 election due to a decisive victory in the Electoral College.

False

The American System aimed to strengthen the economy through tariffs, a national bank, and infrastructure projects.

True

The Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery in new states north of the 36°30' latitude line, except for Missouri.

True

Andrew Jackson won the 1828 election in part due to his appeal to the common man.

True

The Convention of 1818 established the border between the U.S. and British North America at the 49th parallel.

True

The "Era of Good Feelings" refers to the period of President Monroe's administration.

True

What was the main economic activity of the South during this period?

Slave-based agriculture

What was the main economic activity of the Northeast during this period?

Shipping and commerce

What was the main economic activity of the West during this period?

Cheap land and transportation

What was the primary goal of the Tariff of 1816?

To protect American industry from foreign competition

What major transportation project helped foster western expansion?

Cumberland Road

What was the ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?

A state could not tax the national bank; affirmed federal power

What was the ruling in Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)?

States could not interfere with private contracts

What was the ruling in Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)?

The federal government had authority over interstate commerce

Who coined the term "The American System"?

Henry Clay

What economic crisis occurred in 1819?

The Panic of 1819

What caused the Panic of 1819?

Collapse of cotton prices, reckless land speculation, and banking failures

What was the main issue debated in the Missouri Compromise?

Slavery in new states

What were the three parts of the Missouri Compromise?

Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and banning slavery north of the 36°30' line

What was the significance of the Adams-Onís Treaty (1819)?

The U.S. acquired Florida from Spain

Who was responsible for negotiating the Adams-Onís Treaty?

John Quincy Adams

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

A U.S. policy opposing European intervention in the Western Hemisphere

Why did the U.S. issue the Monroe Doctrine?

To prevent European powers from recolonizing newly independent Latin American nations

What was the "corrupt bargain" in the 1824 election?

Henry Clay allegedly helped Adams win in exchange for becoming Secretary of State

Who were the major candidates in the 1824 presidential election?

John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William Crawford, Henry Clay

What was the outcome of the 1824 election?

John Quincy Adams became president despite Jackson winning the popular vote

What political party supported Andrew Jackson and states' rights?

Democrats

What political party supported John Quincy Adams and economic nationalism?

National Republicans

What was one major consequence of the Missouri Compromise?

It temporarily maintained the balance between free and slave states

Why was the Missouri state constitution controversial?

It banned free blacks from entering the state

How did Henry Clay resolve the Missouri state constitution controversy?

He secured a promise that Missouri would not deny free blacks their constitutional rights

What was the Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817)?

A U.S.-British agreement to demilitarize the Great Lakes

What was the Convention of 1818?

It set the U.S.-Canada border at the 49th parallel

Why did Spain agree to the Adams-Onís Treaty?

Spain was weak after the Napoleonic Wars and could not control Florida

What was one effect of the Panic of 1819?

It hindered westward expansion

What event in 1818 hurt the Southern economy?

Britain began importing cheaper cotton from India

What region benefited most from the Tariff of 1816?

The North

What region opposed the Tariff of 1816?

The South

What phrase describes President Monroe's administration?

The Era of Good Feelings

What major infrastructure project did John Quincy Adams support?

Road and canal construction

How did the 1828 election differ from the 1824 election?

Jackson won by a large margin due to popular support