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33 Terms

1

Archaea

a group of prokaryotes that live in extreme environments; also known as extremophiles

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2

Bacteria

a group of prokaryotes that can reproduce by asexual reproduction

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3

cell

basic functional unit of all organisms

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4

cell volume

the amount of water in the cell

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5

cell wall

a semi rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, algae, fungi and bacteria

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6

Chloroplast

chlorophyll-containing organelle that occurs in the cytosol of cells of specific plant tissues

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7

cillia

in eukaryotic cells, whip-like structures formed by extensions of the plasma membrane involved in synchronized movements

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8

Cytoplasm

formed by cell organelles excluding the nucleus and cytosol

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9

Cytosol

it surrounds the cell organelles in eukaryotes.

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10

endosymbiotic Theory

see endosymbiosis; a theory proposed by Lynn Margulis

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11

Eukaryotes

any cell or organism with a membrane-bound nucleus

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12

Flagella

whip-like cell organelles involved in movement

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13

Golgi Apparatus/Complex

it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination.

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14

Lysosome

vesicle filled with digestive enzymes

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15

Membrane-bound organelles

an organelle that has a membrane surrounding it

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16

Mitochondria

in eukaryotic cells, organelles that are the major site of ATP production

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17

Multicellular

surrounds the cell organelles in eukaryotes.

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18

Nuclear Pore

protein lined channel that perforates the nuclear envelope

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19

Nucleolus

a small, dense, spherical structure inside the nucleus that is composed of RNA and rRNA

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20

Nucleus

in eukaryotic cells, membrane-bound organelles containing the genetic material DNA

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21

Organelle

any specialised structure that performs a specific function

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22

Peroxisomes

small membrane-bound organelle rich in the enzymes that detoxify various toxic materials that enter the bloodstream

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23

Plasma Membrane

separates and protects the interior of all cells from the outside environment.

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24

Prokaryotes

any cell or organism without a membrane-bound nucleus

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25

Protein

macromolecules built of amino acid subunits and linked by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain

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26

Ribosome

an organelle containing RNA that is the major site of protein production in cells

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27

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached

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28

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes

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29

Surface Area

he area of an outer part or uppermost layer of something.

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30

Surface area to volume ratio

he amount of surface area per unit volume of an object or collection of objects.

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31

Symbiosis

is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms

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32

Vacuole

structure within plant cells that is filled with fluid-containing materials in solution, including plant pigments

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33

Vesicle

A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid.

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