AP Euro Topic: 7.2

Nationalism

Strong emotional attachment to one's ethnic or cultural group. Originally positive emphasizing culture, but has an ugly divisive side as well.

romantic idealism

Looking back as the past as a nobler and more perfect time, emphasizing folk traditions, music, and legends of one's past.

national aggrandizement

The promotion of a nation to make it appear to have great powers/to be an exemplar for "lesser" nations to follow.

chauvinistic

feeling or displaying aggressive or exaggerated patriotism

racialism

the belief that some races of people are better than others. Used very much to promote nationalism in the 19th c.

Pan-Slavism

nationalist movement in which Slavic peoples of Eastern and East-Central Europe strove to unite as one to further their mutual cultural and political hopes.

anti-Semitism

hostility to or prejudice against Jews.

Pogroms

violent attacks on Jewish communities (especially in Russia and Eastern Europe) often supported by government officials.

Napoleon III

president of the Second Republic of France in 1848 and engineered a coup d'etat, ultimately making himself head of the Second Empire. Promoted reforms in France to modernize it.

Giuseppe Mazzini

The Heart of Italian Unification. Envisioned a unified Italian peninsula. Founder of "Young Italy" movement.

Camillo di Cavour

The brains of Italian Unification. He was Prime Minister for Victor Emmanuel II and through diplomacy and war unified Northern Italy.

Otto von Bismarck

Iron Chancellor of Prussia who was the primary figure in using nationalism to create the unification of Germany.

Christian Social Party

German political group who used anti-Semitism and the fears of the German working class to draw its power.

Karl Lueger

Mayor of Vienna Austria, Christian Social Party leader, who promoted strong anti-Semitism in Austria. Created the environment that inspired/influenced Hitler.

Dreyfus Affair

A divisive case in which a Jewish captain in the French army, was falsely accused and convicted of treason. He was later found innocent. Exemplary of anti-Semitism in France.

Zionism

A movement founded in the 1890s to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Theodore Herzl

Father of Zionism. Inspired by the Dreyfus Affair.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

The Sword of Italian Unification, he united Southern Italy and then gave power over to King Victor Emmanuel II so that Italy could be unified.

Johann Gottlieb Fichte

German philospher who developed German idealism, focused on self consciousness