Applied Functional Anatomy slide 3

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Plaque buildup in the coronary arteries reduces blood flow to the heart

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Interruption of blood flow to the brain due to blockage or rupture

Hypertension

High blood pressure due to excessive force against artery walls

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Chronic condition where the heart can't pump blood effectively

Heart Rate

60-100 bpm

Blood Pressure

90-120 mm Hg/60-80 mm Hg

Respiration Rate

12-20 bpm

Temperature

97-99

Pulse Oximetry

95+

MET Chart

Estimates the energy cost of activities, guiding progression from light to moderate exertion

Old Definition of Pain

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage

New definition of Pain

Pain is always a personal experience that is influenced to varying degrees by biological, psychological, and social factors (pain is not just your sensory system)

Acute Pain

Lasts approximately. 0-12 weeks

Chronic or Persistent Pain

Lasts more than 12 weeks

Co-Contraction

exerts force in different directions to stabilize

Axial Skeleton

a.    Vertebral column

b.    Ribs

c.     Sternum

d.    Skull

Vertebral (Spinal) Column

Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), Sacral (5), Coccygeal (4)

Lordosis

an excessive inward curvature of the spine, typically in the lumbar (lower back) or cervical (neck)

Kyphosis

a spinal condition characterized by an excessive forward curvature of the thoracic (upper back)

Cancellous (spongy) bone

bone tissue characterized by its porous

Vertebral Foramen

opening posterior to the vertebral body (bony canal for spinal cord)

Intervertebral Foramen

opening between adjacent vertebrae (passage for spinal nerve)

Intervertebral Disc

between vertebral bodies (stabilizes and absorbs shock)

Spinous Process

projects dorsally and inferiorly

Atlas

C-1, the Yes motion

Axis

C-2, the No motion

Sternum

protects the heart, lungs and other vital organs

Ribs

a.    Ribs are attached to the articular surfaces

b.    12 Ribs

c.     First 7 ribs – true ribs

d.    Ribs 8-10 – no bony connection to sternum,

e.    False ribs – floating ribs 11-12

Lumbar Vertebrae

5 vertebrae, largest and least mobile

Posterior Musculature

extends, stabilizes, rotates, and laterally flexes the vertebral column

Erector Spinae Group

it straightens (extends), and stabilizes the entire vertebral column, and bends the spine to the side

Transversalis Group  

deep to the erector spinae muscles, connects the individual vertebrae

Splenii

contribute to rotation, lateral flexion, and extension of the head and neck

Quadratus Lumborum

stabilizes the lower back, elevates the pelvis, and flexes the trunk laterally

Anterior Musculature

actions on trunk and neck (stabilize and laterally flex)

Sternocleidomastoid

contralateral rotation (different sides work depending on which side the head is rotating), lateral flexion (has one muscle on each side)

Scalenes

later flexion of the cervical spine

Rectus Abdominis

encases the muscles in the rectus abdominis

Diaphragm

controls the volume of the thoracic cavity

Intercostals

elevation and depression of ribs with deep breathing

Oblique

a.    Trunk flexion

b.    Abdominal compression

c.     Ipsilateral flexion

d.    Contralateral trunk rotation

Range of Motion Testing

a medical evaluation that asses the flexibity and movement capabilities of a joint or group of joints

Manual Muscle Testing

a clinical examination technique used to assess the strength and function of individual muscles or muscle groups

Safe Lifting

“Lift with your legs, not your back”, keep your back straight

Stagger Stance

one foot slightly in front of the other, hips and knees flexed

Weight-Shifting

moving body weight from one leg to another

Abdominal Muscle Contractions

stabilizes the lumbar spine

Sleep Positioning

lying your back with your face upward

Abnormal Muscle Tone

affects core strength, function, and development

Adaptive Equipment

supports occupations while limiting trunk flexion