Period 2 Terms

Terms for period 2 of APUSH

John Smith

English explorer who helped the Virginia Company found a merchant colony in North America

joint-stock companies

businesses in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose (in this case, for the colonies being established in North America)

Jamestown

First English colony established in 1607 off the coast of Virginia

Powhatan

group of Native American peoples who lived near Jamestown when the English first settled

headright system

system established by the Virginia Company that allowed anyone who paid for their own or another’s passage to Virginia to receive 50 acres of land

indentured servants

people who agreed to a limited term of servitude in exchange for passage to North America + food and shelter upon arrival

royal colony

colony under direct control of the king

Nathaniel Bacon + Bacon´s Rebellion

English colonist who incited a rebellion in order to fight and drive out the Native Americans around Jamestown

Puritans

church members who wanted to purify/reform the Church of England + left England to form a “holy” community in New England

John Winthrop

first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Separatists

Religious group who fled England to escape religious persecution, first to Holland, then to America

Plymouth County

the second permanent English colony in North America

Massachusetts Bay Colony

English settlement established in September 1630

Roger Williams

Colonist who disagreed with the social order within the colony, stating that English settlers had no rightful claim to land and government officials could not punish settlers for their religious beliefs

Anne Hutchinson

Colonist who disagreed w/ the social order within the colony, stating worshipers did not need the church or ministers to interpret the Bible for them

Pequot War

War between the colonists and the Pequot tribe that resulted in the near destruction of the Pequot nation

Metacom

Wampanoag chief who organized his tribe and others into an alliance against the colonists

King Philip’s War

War fought between the English settlers and Native Americans for control of land. Resulted in a Native American loss of power in southeastern New England

mercantilism

theory which held that a country’s ultimate goal was self-sufficiency and all countries were in competition to acquire the most gold and silver

Parliament

England’s legislative body. Passed the Navigation Acts in 1651

Navigation Acts

Series of laws restricting colonial trade. Included…

• Countries could not trade with the colonies

• Crews on vessels transporting goods from the colonies had to be ¾ English or colonial

• Colonies had certain products to export only to England

• Goods traded between colonies + Europe had to pass through an English port

Dominion of New England

Colony containing land spanning from southern Maine to New Jersey

Sir Edmund Andros

veteran military officer chosen to rule over New England by King James II of England

Glorious Revolution

bloodless series of events occurring in 1689 in which Parliament offered the British throne to William of Orange, husband of King James II’s Protestant daughter, Mary. Colonists also staged a bloodless rebellion by arresting Andros and his royal councilors

salutary neglect

an English policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies continued economic loyalty

William Penn

colonist who was granted a charter for Pennsylvania in order to establish a government based on Quaker principles

New Netherland

Dutch colony granted to the Dutch West India Company in order to expand the fur trade

proprietor

owner of something (in this case, the duke of York owning New York)

Quakers

Protestant Christians who believed…

• God’s inner light burned inside everyone

• Held services w/o formal ministers

• Dressed plainly

• Refused to defer to persons of rank

• Embraced pacifism (did not join the military + did not fight in wars)

James Ogelthorpe

English philanthropist who received a charter for the colony of Georgia. Enforced policies banning slavery + drinking of rum

cash crop

one crop grown primarily for sale rather than for the farmer’s own use

slaves

people who were considered the legal property of others

triangular trade

transatlantic trading network encompassing a network of trade routes criss-crossing the Northern + Southern colonies, the West Indies, England, Europe, and Africa. Carried goods ranging from furs, fruits, tar, tobacco + African people

Middle Passage

voyage that brought Africans to the West Indies and later to North America. Middle leg of the Transatlantic trade triangle

Stono Rebellion

slave rebellion that happened in 1739. 20 slaves gathered at the Stono River and proceeded to kill several planter families + invite several slaves to flee to Spanish-held Florida. Eventually put down by a white militia who surrounded the group

Enlightenment

Movement based on ideas pretaining to nature, such as mathematics and science that gained prevalence in the 1700s

Benjamin Franklin

Enlightenment figure who embraced the notion of obtaining truth through experimentation + reasoning, most famously through his experiment of flying a kite in a thunderstorm, proving lightening was a form of electrical power

Johnathan Edwards

member of the Puritan clergy who sought to revive the intensity + commitment of the original Puritan vision

Great Awakening

religious revival that lasted throughout the 1730s and 1740s. Had similar consequences to the Enlightenment (caused people to question traditional authority + stressed the importance of the individual)

Virginia

the first permanent English settlement in North America, established in 1607 at Jamestown

Chesapeake Colonies

the English colonies of Virginia and Maryland

John Rolfe

early settler of Jamestown who introduced a profitable tobacco strain that turned Virginia into a successful colony + established a cash crop economy

Pocohantas

daughter of Chief Powhatan of the Powhatan tribe

Providence

Colony founded by Roger Williams in 1636. Recognized Native Americans' rights and paid them for use of their land, and government provided complete religious toleration.

Rhode Island

American colony that was home to the Newport slave market and many slave traders. Founded in 1636 by Roger Williams and his supporters for religious freedom and seperation of church from state after a disagreement with Massachusetts Bay.