3.9 demographic transition elle rohs

what are characteristics of Industrialization

economic and social transition from an agrarian to industrial economy

what are characteristics of Pre-industrial

High DR & IMR (lack of access to clean water, stable food supply, healthcare)
High TFR (lack of access to education for women, contraceptives, family planning, need for child agricultural labor)
Little to no population growth due to high CBR & CDR balancing each other out
Low GDP

what are characteristics of Industrializing/developing

Decreasing DR & IMR
Declining IMR & CDR (modernizations → clean water, healthcare, stable food supply)
High TFR (lack of education for women, no contraceptives/family planning, need for child agricultural labor, generational lag)
Rapid growth due to high CBR and declining CDR
Economic/societal indicators: low per capita GDP, shorter life expectancy, high infant mortality,, high TFR, low literacy rate & school for girls

what are characteristics of Industrialized/developed

Significantly declining TFR (modernized economy and society → increased family income, educational opportunities for women, delayed age of marriage & first child, access to family planning & contraceptives)
Slowing growth rate as CBR drops closer to CDR
Economic/societal indicators: high per capita GDP, long life expectancy, low IMR, TFR near replacement level (2.1), high literacy rate & school for all

what are characteristics of Post-industrialized/highly developed

Lowest TFR (families become more wealthy, focus on education & career pursuits, increased education → family planning & contraception)
CBR drops lower than CDR and growth becomes negative / population declines
Economic/societal indicators: very high per capita GDP, longest life expectancy, TFR below replacement level, highest contraceptive use

Identify the stage of this graph in which population grows the fastest and explain why this is the case. Describe one economic or societal indicator of a country in this phase.

The stage in which the population grows the fastest is Stage 2, which is characterized by high birth rates and declining death rates. A youthful and rising workforce is one economic or sociological indication linked with a nation in Stage 2 of the demographic transition