Studied by 2 people
NCLEX nextgen objectives
The learner will be able identify the different types of questions seen in nursing school and the NCLEX.
\n • The learner will be able to tell how the different types of questions are scored.
\n • Understand how case studies are the basis for many questions the learner will see on exams and how to isolate pertinent information to form a conclusion.
nursing process
Systematic method of giving humanistic care that focuses on achieving outcomes in a cost effective manner.
5 step process of the nursing process
-assessment
-diagnosis
-planning
-implementation
-evaluation
assessment
-collect data
-verify data
-organize data
-identify patterns
-report and record data
assessment important data
- Name, age, gender, admitting diagnosis \n - Medical/surgical history, chronic illnesses \n - Advanced Directives \n - Laboratory Data/Diagnostic tests \n - Medications \n - Allergies \n - Support Services \n - Psychosocial/Cultural Assessment \n - Emotional state \n - Comprehensive Physical Assessment
diagnose
Assessment→ Critical analysis of data→Diagnosis or Problem Identification
\n -Novice nurse responsible for \n recognizing health problems, \n anticipating complications, initiating \n actions to ensure appropriate and timely \n treatment.
planning: 4 part process
Set your priorities of care, what needs to be \n done first, what can wait.
Apply Nursing Standards, Nurse Practice Act, \n National practice guidelines, hospital policy \n and procedure manuals.
Identify your goals & outcomes, derive them \n from nursing diagnosis/problem.
Determine interventions, based on goals. \n Record the plan (care plan/concept map)
implement
-Putting your plan into action
- Set priorities after report \n - Assess and reassess \n - Perform interventions \n - Chart client responses \n - Give report to next shift
evaluate
-step of the nursing process that measures the client’s response to nursing actions and the client’s progress toward achieving goals
-data collected on an on-going basis
-then back to step 1!
nursing theory objectives
-importance of models and theories in profession of nursing
-analyze the four key concepts found in nursing models and theories
-general systems theory helps in understanding nursing models and theories
-evaluate how the four parts of all systems interact
differences between theories and models
theories are speculations about something not proved, begin with hypotheses, and have a role in evidence based practice
models are diagrams of concepts, conceptual models and more concrete than a theory
four key concepts common to nursing models
-client/patient (individual/collective) : complex entities, not just about disease
-health : difficult to define because it varies individually
-environment : physical environment and social aspects of environment
-nursing : the concept has expanded past providing comfort and helping to cure disease
grand theory
represents ideas and thinking of nursing as a whole
roy’s adaptation model
orem’s self-care model
king’s model of goal attainment
johnson behavioral systems model
neumann healthcare system model
watson’s theory of human caring
roy adaptation model
goal: client reaches highest level of functioning through adaptation
orem self care
health care is each individual’s own responsibility and the nurse helps clients direct and carry out activities to help maintain or improve health
king goal attainment
establish health care goals, direct clients care to meet goals and have personal, interpersonal, and social systems
johnson behavioral
integrates systems theory with behavioral theory, and considers client behavior to be the key to preventing illness and restoring health when illness occurs
neumann health care
focuses on the individual and their environment, applicable to a variety of health care disciplines apart from nursing, lines of defense and resistance
watson human caring
uses philosophical approach, holistic view of human being where total person is more important to nursing care than injury or disease, internal and external elements affect client behavior, state of illness is not synonymous with the disease process
hinduism
\n - Belief in good hygiene \n
- First record of \n treatment outside the \n home
buddhism
\n • Development of public \n hospitals
\n • Disease prevention \n and good hygiene
\n • Refused contact with \n body fluids and \n dissection of the body
egyptians
-disease caused by evil spirit
-surgical procedures, midwives, preventive care, birth control
hebrews
Mixed religion and \n medicine
Good knowledge of \n anatomy and \n physiology
Physician-priests \n performed operations
Performed sacrifices \n and other rituals
Prayer and healing
greeks
Appeasing the gods
Belief in abortion and infanticide
Women not allowed to provide care outside the home
Hippocrates changed practice in 400 B.C
romans
developed more than 600 medicines from herbs and plants
published medical textbooks
performed physical therapy
christianity
care was provided for the sick, poor, and disadvantaged
previous practices of sacrifice were considered murder
hospital like institutions established
term nurse originated
renaissance
the cornerstone of the nursing profession
invention of the microscope and thermometer
majority of health care provided by females
florence nightingale
Underwent 3 months of nursing \n training
Took nurses into service in the \n Crimean War
Established the Nightingale \n Training School for nurses
Published Notes on Nursing in \n 1860
Awarded the Royal Red Cross
mary eliza mahoney
• First African-American RN in the \n USA
\n • 1878 – entered nursing program \n at age of 33
\n • One of four from class of 42 to \n graduate
\n • One of the original members of \n Nurses Associated Alumnae \n (American Nurses Association)
\n • Co-founded National Assoc. of \n Colored Graduate Nurses
\n • 1976 – inducted into Nursing \n Hall of Fame
susan b anthony
• guest speaker during the Nurse \n Registration Act hearing of 1903
\n • Fighter for Equal Rights for Women
\n • Pivotal in advancing the profession of \n nursing to a respected career
\n • Appealed to the nurses to remember \n the power and influence of their work
\n • Prophesied the requirement of a \n college education for nurses
clara barton
• First worked as a teacher
\n • Clerk in the US Patent Office
\n • Cared for Civil War soldiers at the \n battlefront
\n • Headed the search for missing soldiers
\n • Brought the Red Cross Organization to the \n US
\n • Instrumental in the US signing the Geneva \n Treaty (Amason & Stover,
world war I facts about nursing
• April 1917, 160 nurses
\n • 1917-18, 5 Base \n Hospitals overseas
\n • Armistice on Nov. 11, \n 1918 1386 Navy nurses \n in War Zone, overseas \n stations, and at 25 Naval \n Hospitals
\n • 19 died on active duty
\n • Four Navy Crosses \n awarded to nurses
\n • Peak of 1400 nurses
helen fairchild WWI
• One of 64 from PA \n Hospital Unit Ten
\n • Casualty Clearing \n Station
\n • Covered 2000 beds
\n • 14 hour days common
\n • Died from either \n chloroform or mustard \n gas bombing
margaret sanger
• Promoted the use of birth control
\n • 1913 – founded Woman Rebel
\n • 1914 – National Birth Control League
\n • 1916-1917 First birth control clinic
\n • 1927 – World Population Conference
\n • 1942 – Planned Parenthood Federation
world war II
• More than 59,000 American nurses
\n • Served under fire in field hospitals, \n evacuation hospitals, on trains, \n ships, and as flight nurses
\n • Less 4% of soldiers receiving care \n died
\n • 1944 – Army granted its nurses \n officers with commissions and full \n benefits
\n • Free education
vietnam war
• April 1956 – 3 nurses \n arrived in Saigon to train \n South Vietnamese nurses
\n • March 1962 – March 1973 \n more than 5000 Army \n nurses served in America’s \n longest war
\n • Average age 23.6 years
\n • 35% had more than 2 yrs \n of nursing experience
• Females (79%) and \n Males (21%)
\n • Evolution in trauma \n and combat casualty \n care
\n • Made intensive care \n nursing the standard
\n • Shock/trauma units
\n • Mortality rate was \n 2.6%/1000 compared \n to 4.5% in WWII
susie walking bear yellowtail
First American Indian graduate \n registered nurse
Dedicated her life to helping Native American peoples
1978 – honored by the American Indian Nurses Association
Note
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