Chapter 3 - Binary Fission, the cell cycle (and disruption), mitosis and apoptosis

What is binary fission?

reproduction where the cell splits into two identical cells

what is mitosis?

cell divides to form 2 identical daughter cells

why do cells need to replicate?

growth, development, maintenance, repair

stages of mitosis:

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

what happens in the G1 phase of interphase?

cells grows, organelles are duplicated

what happens in the S phase of interphase?

DNA synthesised, chromosomes are duplicated

what happens in the G2 phase of interphase?

cell size increases, proteins synthesised

what happens during prophase?

nuclear membrane disappears, chromosomes in X shape joined at centromere, centrioles move to opposite ends

what happens during metaphase?

Spindles for between centrioles, chromosomes line up on spindles

what happens during anaphase?

chromosomes split at centromere and move to opposite ends

what happens during telophase?

membrane and nucleoli return

what happens during cytokinesis?

cell splits into two identical daughter cells

what is apoptosis?

genetically rpgrammed death of cells

what is necrosis?

accidental cell death due to various causes

factors that can disrupt the cell cycle

radiation, chemicals, genetic factors, etc

what are proto-oncogenes?

genes that help control healthy cell growth and division

what are tumor suppressor genes?

genes that slow cell division and cause cells to die when needed