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early anti-semitic policy in Nazi Germany
1933 approved boycott of Jewish shops that prevented G’s from entering by buying
Jews expelled from artistic + cultural life
nuremberg laws
1935
formalised racial ideology into law
Law for the Protection of German Blood + Honour
banned marriages + sexual relationships between Jews + Germans
Reich Citizenship Law
stripped Jews of German citizenship
supplementary degrees defined Jews as a race
anyone who descends from 3 fully Jewish grandparents or 2 fully Jewish parents
aryanisation policy
banned jews from:
public parks
theatres
restaurants
required to have special identity papers
Jewish doctors couldn’t treat G patients
forced to wear Star of David in 1941
Der Strümer
weekly anti-semitic newspaper
Julius Streicher
also produced school reading book “The Poisonous Mushroom” 1938
kristallnacht
9/11/38
in response to murder of Nazi diplomat by a Jew
authorised by NP, enacted by SA + SS
> 1000 synagogues attacked
> 7000 stores looted
Jewish community made to pay 30M reichsmarks for cost of destruction and fine of 1B reichsmarks
marked shift from discrimination to persecution
eastward expansion during WW2
swift victories in the East between 1939 - 41
approximately 7M Jews came under the control of the Nazis
Poland
where systematic extermination began
separated into > 400 ghettos across the country:
Warsaw held over 400 000
majority held in ghettos were transported to extermination camps eg. Belzec or Treblinka
2.6 / 3M dead by 1945
einsatzgruppen
formed in 1941 under Heydrich
majority of victims were Russian Jews + captured political leaders
killed 1.4M in 1941
planning of the final solution
all German Jews transported to occupied territories in the East in late 1941 for “resettlement”
G declared “Jew Free” in May 1943
Göring empowered Heydrich to come up with an overall solution to the “Jewish Problem” in July 1941
the wannsee conference
January 1942
secret conference called by Heydrich with 15 govt. deputies and SS officials in Berlin
had the purpose of making the systematic murder of Jews more efficient
concentration camps
where enemies of the state were detained
one of the 1st camps was in Dachau 1933
prisoners beaten, abused + worked to death (Annihilation Through Work Policy)
camps were established near factories and quarries to profit off forced labour
IG Farben Chemical Company supplied gas + owned a rubber plant near Auschwitz
extermination camps
built in occupied EE in 1941 - 1942
incl. Auschwitz-Birkenau or Treblinka
Jews transported in camps in cattle trains
were either killed immediately or used as slave labour until unfit to work
extermination began in 1942 and continued until 1944 using Zyklon B gas
approximately 6M killed at end of the war
Auschwitz
largest camp complex
originally opened as a labour camp in 1940 to service IG - Farben
became an extermination camp in June 1941
gas chambers could fit up to 2000 people and were disguised as showers
1.1M killed between 1942 and 1944