Meosis

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24 Terms

1

Genes

The code for the formation of proteins, which carry out most of the work for cells.

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2

Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosomes that carry the same genes and control the same traits and that make up a pair, which is one from each parent.

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3

Gametes

Sex cells (sperm and egg) Each have 23 chromosomes.

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4

Haploid cells

These have one set of chromosomes

<p>These have one set of chromosomes </p>
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5

Diploid cells

These have two sets of chromosomes

<p>These have two sets of chromosomes </p>
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6

Sex chromosomes

1 pair of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in a human cell determines an individual’s gender. An individual with two X chromosomes is considered female. An individual with one X chromosome and one Y chromosome is considered male.

<p>1 pair of the 23 pairs of  chromosomes in a human cell determines an individual’s gender. An individual with two X chromosomes is considered female. An individual with one X chromosome and one Y chromosome is considered male.</p>
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7

Autosomes

Other 22 pairs of chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes.

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8
<p>Prophase 1</p>

Prophase 1

  1. Pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs, each chromosome consists of two chromatids.

  2. Crossing over produces exchange of genetic information

  3. Nuclear envelope breaks down

  4. Spindle fibers form.

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9

Crossing over

The process by which chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes.

<p>The process by which chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes.</p>
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10

Synapsis

The homologous chromosomes are held tightly together along their lengths.

<p>The homologous chromosomes are held tightly together along their lengths.</p>
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11
<p>Metaphase 1</p>

Metaphase 1

  1. Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers

  2. Homologous chromosomes line up at the equator

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12
<p>Anaphase 1 </p>

Anaphase 1

  1. Homologous chromosome separate and move to opposite poles of the cells.

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13
<p>Telophase 1</p>

Telophase 1

  1. The spindles break down

  2. Chromosomes uncoil and form two nuclei

  3. Cell divides

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14
<p>Prophase II </p>

Prophase II

  1. Chromosomes condenses

  2. Spindle forms in each new cell

  3. Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes

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15
<p>Metaphase II</p>

Metaphase II

  1. Centromeres of chromosomes line up randomly at the equator of each cell.

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16
<p>Anaphase II</p>

Anaphase II

  1. Centromeres split

  2. Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

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17
<p>Telophase II </p>

Telophase II

  1. Four Nuclei forms around chromosomes

  2. Spindles break down

  3. Cell divides

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18
<p>Products </p>

Products

  1. Four daughter cells are made

  2. Each nuclei has a haploid number of chromosomes.

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19

Mitosis vs Meiosis

He I’m too lazy go read the book !

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20

Telomeres

Protective caps that chromosomes end in

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21

Karyotype

Pairs of homologous chromosomes that are arranged in decreasing size to produce a micrograph.

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22

Nondisjunction

Cell division in which sister chromatids fail to separate properly.

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23

Cellular differentiation

The process by which an unspecialized cell develops into a specialized cell with a defined structure and function.

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24

Stem cell

Type of cell that can be directed to become a specialized cell.

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