stratification and equality

Dimitrius was born into a poverty-level household, as were his own parents, but he worked hard in school, earned a prestigious degree, and obtained a high-paying job. He eventually acquired an upper-class social status. What type of social mobility has occurred?

intragenerational mobility

horizontal social mobility

downward mobility

 intergenerational mobility

Intergenerational mobility

Michael went to college in order to get a degree and a good job that would support his love of boating. Because Michael was born into an upper-middle class family in a good area, a sociologist might say that Michael has ________.

Intergenerational mobility

Social mobility

Low life chances

High life chances

High life changes

________ compares the wealth, economic stability, status, and power of countries across the world, and highlights worldwide patterns of social inequality.

 

Upward mobility

 Social endeavors

 Downward mobility

global stratification

Global stratification

Social stratification is based on categories of ?

 

sediment, igneous, and metamorphic striations.

 

recessions, depressions, and functionalisms.

 

location, prestige, health, and intelligence.

 

wealth, power, income, and race.

Wealth power income and race

Kendra has an hourly wage job that just covers most of her bills, but money is scarce and she makes far less money than most people in her society. What status would Kendra be assigned based on this information?

 

working class

 

blue collar

 

absolute poverty

 

relative poverty

Relative poverty

A hands-off approach to economic policy, biases against women, and ________ are the main causes for the global feminization of poverty.

 

the expansion of male-dominated households

 

an increase in civil rights and liberties for women

 

increased access to credit

 

a greater number of female-headed households

A greater number of female- headed households

________ refers to the ability to change positions within a social stratification system.

 

Social security

 

Social endeavors

 

Social capital

 

Social mobility

Social mobility

The rise of technology, which has contributed to increasing inequalities between countries, is referred to as

 

social stratification.

 

intergenerational stratification.

 

peripheral stratification.

 

global stratification

Global stratification

According to ________, global inequality is caused by dominant, core nations whose main goal is to exploit semi-peripheral and peripheral nations, creating a cycle of perpetual reliance.

 

modernization theory

 

symbolic interactionist theory

 

meritocracy theory

 

dependency theory

Dependency theory

The standard of living is based on ?

 meritocracy, and other class systems.

 

the manner in which a person has been socialized across their lifespan.

 

the socioeconomic status (SES) of one’s parents.

 

income, employment, class, poverty rates, and housing affordability

income, employment, class, poverty rates, and housing affordability

_____ also contend that school, particularly in recent years, is taking over teaching some of the things that were traditionally undertaken by family.

 

Social conflict theorists

 

Symbolic interaction theorists

 

Feminist theorists

 

Functionalists

Functionalist

In the United States, there is a ________ between what male and female college graduates earn.

 

manifest function

 

hidden curriculum

 

recent equality

 

post-education gender disparity

Post education gender disparity

Women in the United States have been relatively late, historically speaking, to be granted entry to the

 

industrialized system.

 

institutionalized system

 

social system.

 

public university system

Public university system

Cultural capital has three forms; ________ refers to the way society measures social class.

 

embodied state

 

objectified state

 

material state

 

institutionalized state

Institutionalized state

________ view education as a means of widening the gap in social inequality.

 

Structural functional theorists

 

Symbolic interactionists

 

Feminist theorists

 

Conflict theorists

Conflict theorist

Functionalists suggest that ________ are the hidden and unintended functions.

 

manifest (or primary) functions

 

extended (or tertiary) functions

 

dominant (or primary) functions

 

latent (or secondary) functions

Latent

To ________, schools play the role of training working-class students to accept and retain their position as lower members of society.

 

structural functional theorists

 

symbolic interaction theorists

 

feminist theorists

 

conflict theorists

Conflict theorist

According to Pierre Bourdieu, members of the upper and middle classes have more ________ than do families of lower-class status.

 

manifest functions

 

functionalism

 

rewards

 

cultural capital

Cultural capital

According to functionalism, in addition to preparing students to function in society, another role of schools is that of

 

arranging carpool obligations.

 

providing a counselor and a nurse on school grounds.

 

encouraging extracurricular activities.

 

sorting, or classifying students based on academic merit or potential

sorting, or classifying students based on academic merit or potential

Conflict theorists believe that the public education system

 

reduces social inequality through educational achievement.

 

treats students the same no matter their class, gender, race, or ethnicity.

 

encourages conflicts between teachers and students.

Reinforce and perpetuate social inequalities

Reinforce and perpetuate social inequalities

The ________ is a way to measure the level of wealth available to a certain socioeconomic class enabling it to acquire the material necessities and comforts to maintain its lifestyle.

 

socioeconomic socialization

 

meritocratic legitimacy

 

intergenerational mobility

 

standard of living

Standard of living

Poverty can become ________, meaning that the consequences of poverty perpetuate further causes in an ongoing cycle.

 

informal

 

camouflaged

 

less likely

 

entrenched

Entrenched

The poverty line is determined by ________.

 

surveys completed on the elderly

 

annual estimates based on a sampling of U.S. middle- and high-income households

 

self-reported definitions of household poverty.

 

the level of income necessary for a basic standard of living

The level of income necessary for basic standards of living

________ is the continent with the largest number of people who live in poverty (NOT the largest number of nations in poverty).

 

Africa

 

South America

 

North America

 

Asia

Asia

The way that a society sorts people into rankings based on measures of factors such as wealth, income, race, education, gender, power, etc., is called

 

social circulation.

 

socialization.

 

socializing.

 

social stratification.

Social stratification

Which theory examines the class status that one publicly indicates through conspicuous consumption?

 

functionalism

 

conflict theory

 

feminist theory

 

symbolic interactionism

Symbolic interactionism

The continent with the greatest number of impoverished nations in the world is ________.

 

Asia

 

South America

 

North America

 

Africa

Africa

Rochelle comes from a small country town and lives in a small rental house with her dad. Rochelle accepted a basketball scholarship to a wealthy, private university. In her new town, Rochelle becomes acutely aware of the unequal distribution of valued goods and opportunities available at her university when compared to her hometown. What Rochelle is observing can best be defined as ________.

 

social stratification

 

global stratification

 

social distribution

 

social inequality

Correct

Social inequality

________ is defined as the cultural knowledge that serves as currency that helps us navigate culture and alters our experiences and the opportunities available to us

 

Manifest functions

 

Functionalism

 

Other awareness

 

Cultural capital

Cultural capital

________ believe that education equips people to perform different functional roles in society.

 

Social conflict theorists

 

Symbolic interaction theorists

 

Feminist theorists

 

Functional theorists

Functional theorists

Cultural capital has three forms; ________ refers to the material objects we use to indicate social class.

 

embodied state

 

institutionalized state

 

knowledge state

 

objectified state

Objective state

________ study the dynamics of the classroom, the interactions between students and teachers, and how those affect everyday life.

 

Feminist theory

Symbolic interaction theorists

 

Symbolic interaction theorists

In the education system labels such as “low achiever” are difficult to “shake off,” which can create

 

a manifest function.

 

a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Self fulfilling prophecy

IQ tests have been attacked by ________ for being biased and for testing cultural knowledge rather than actual intelligence.

 

Structural functionalist

 

Conflict theorists

Conflict theorist

According to functionalism, in addition to preparing students to function in society, another role of schools is that of?

 

providing a counselor and a nurse on school grounds.

 

sorting, or classifying students based on academic merit or potential.

Sorting, or classifying students based on academic merit or potential

Functionalists suggest that ________, are the intended and visible functions of education, and latent (or secondary) functions, which are the hidden and unintended functions.

 

 

hidden (or unintended) function

 

manifest (or primary) functions

Manifest function

Women in the United States have been relatively late, historically speaking, to be granted entry to the?

 

social system.

 

public university system.

Public university system

________ argue that when women face limited opportunities for education, their capacity to achieve equal rights, including financial independence, are limited.

 

 

Conflict theorists

 

Feminist theorists

Feminist theorist