Group Dynamics and Leadership Flashcards

Flashcards about Cole's Seven-Step Model for group leadership training and different Theories of Group Leadership

What is Cole's Seven-Step Model?

A concrete, generic group leadership training technique to help students practice professional roles.

What are the seven steps of Cole's Model?

Introduction, Activity, Sharing, Processing, Generalizing, Application, Summary

What is the main goal of the Introduction of Cole's Model?

Sets the stage for the group

What does the Introduction involve?

Sets the mood, Therapist's Introduction, Warm-Up, Expectation of the Group, Explaining the Purpose Clearly, Brief Outline of the Session

What is a Warm-Up?

A brief activity to capture attention, relax members, and prepare them for the main activity. It should be relevant and within members' capabilities.

What does the Activity planning require?

A complex process requiring knowledge of clients, health conditions, and activity analysis.

What does the Activity planning involve?

Timing, Therapeutic Goals, Physical and Mental Capacities of Members, Knowledge and Skill of the Leader, Adaptation of an Activity, Presenting the Activity, Therapist Participation, Ending the Activity

What are Therapeutic Goals?

They are the desired outcomes and must be established before activity selection.

What does the therapist Participation involve?

The therapist may participate to reduce self-consciousness but should not hinder observation

What is involved in the Sharing step?

Each member is invited to share their work or experience with the group

What are the Therapist's Responsibilities during the Sharing step?

Ensure every member has a chance to share, acknowledge each contribution with empathy, and model caring responses.

What is the objective of the Processing step?

Members express their feelings about the experience, the leader, and each other.

What is the process of the Generalizing step?

The therapist reviews group responses and summarizes them into a few general principles

What is the purpose of the Application step?

Helps members understand how the learned principles can be applied to their everyday lives to enhance functionality outside the group.

What is involved in the Summary Step?

Emphasizes the most important aspects of the group, ensuring they are correctly understood and remembered.

What is involved in Confidence in the Leader?

The leader inspires confidence through authority, knowledge, support, and empathy. Trust is crucial for clients to feel safe and cooperative.

What is Assuming Appropriate Authority?

The leader guides the group confidently through all stages while allowing freedom of expression.

What are Autocratic Leadership Styles?

Leader has complete control.

What are Democratic Leadership Styles?

Members participate in choices, leading to highest morale and group cohesiveness.

What are Laissez-faire Leadership Styles?

Minimal leader control, resulting in independence but low morale.

What is Situational Leadership?

Leaders adapt their style based on followers' ability and motivation

What is Transformational Leadership?

Leaders create a vision and provide encouragement/resources to achieve it.

What is Path-Goal Theory of Leadership?

Leaders motivate workers by adapting their style to individual needs and adjusting the task/environment to facilitate goal achievement, often providing incentives.

What is involved in Directive Leadership?

Defines the group, selects activities, and structures it therapeutically.

What is involved in Facilitative Leadership?

Democratic style where the leader gathers support from members.

What is involved in Advisory Leadership?

Offers expertise only as needed or requested; does not provide structure or goals.

What is Mutual Support?

Leaders encourage each other, cover weaknesses, and better handle difficult situations.

What is the Formative Stage of Co-Leadership?

Preoccupation with self-worth, leading to competition.

What is the Development Stage of Co-Leadership?

Requires interpersonal discussion and recognition of differences.

What is the Stabilization Stage of Co-Leadership?

Co-therapists view each other as individuals, recognizing strengths/weaknesses and capitalizing on differences.

What is the Refreshment Stage of Co-Leadership?

A relationship forms, leading to growth, renewed enthusiasm, and experimentation.

What principles must emerge from Generalizing the step responses?

These principles must emerge directly from the members' responses, not be preplanned.

Which strategy in Seven Ways for Group Decision-Making (Johnson & Johnson, 2009) is considered the best, but is time-consuming and difficult?

7. Consensus – considered the best but is time-consuming and difficult, requiring careful exploration of disagreements and compromise.

The process by which opposing positions reach mutually acceptable solutions through

collaborative problem-solving

What is Focus Group Leadership

Primarily known as a data-gathering method in qualitative research, focus groups are emerging as a clinical tool in OT

What is Manager/Leader Role?

design well-constructed teams capable of mutual assessment and collective responsibility.

What are group dynamics?

forces that influence the interrelationships of members and ultimately affect group outcomes.

What demonstrate in groups with verbally skilled and interactive members?

Groups with verbally skilled and interactive members demonstrate dynamics more easily.

What is group process?

what is happening in the group, between and among members, right now

According to Yalom and Leszcz (2005) what two processes are involved in group processing?

experiencing it and then performing a self-reflective loop to examine what just occurred.

What are norms?

acceptable attitudes and behaviors within the group.

What are Explicit norms?

specified and verbalized by the leader

What are Nonexplicit norms?

often unspoken and implied by member interactions

What is the Monopolist (Dominance)?

attempts to control the group or seek excessive attention

Who is The Silent Member (Passivity)?

can hinder group progress, as others may imagine what they are thinking, leading to resentment

What are Fundamental Values?

People are seen as equally valuable regardless of race, religion, gender, intellectual ability, socioeconomic position, or health status.

What are the Core Concepts of THE CMOP-E?

Occupation and enablement

What is Enablement?

empowering the client to take control and responsibility in partnership with the OT

What aspects make up the Occupation-Based Foundations of Enabling?

choice, Risk, and Responsibility, Client Participation, Vision of Possibilities, Change, Justice, Power-sharing

What type of evidence supported the Canadian model translates generic client-centered concepts into OT practice

Strong Evidence

According to Psychodynamic Theory in Occupational Therapy Groups what shapes human behavior?

unconscious drives, needs, desires, and conflicts

What is a key goal of psychodynamic occupational therapy groups?

primary goal of psychodynamic occupational therapy groups is to strengthen or restore various ego functions, which are crucial for adaptive functioning and mental health.

What specific aspects of ego functions are included in The strengthening or restoration of a primary goal of psychodynamic occupational therapy?

reality Testing, Judgment, Sense of Self and World, Thought Processes, Regulation and Control of Drives, Affects, and Impulses, Object Relations, Defense Mechanisms, Autonomous Functioning, Synthetic-Integrative Function, Mastery/Competence

What is the occupational therapist, in a psychodynamic group act as?

facilitator, creating a therapeutic environment that encourages emotional expression, self-exploration, and insight.

What can therapist do to Facilitate Self-Awareness and Insight?

observation, interpretation, confrontation(gentle), universalization

What is the goal of the Introduction step in psychodynamic groups?

setting a safe, non-threatening, and exploratory tone

What does the Processing step focus on in psychodynamic groups?

discussions focuses on the here-and-now interactions within the group, the emotions evoked by the activity, and any interpersonal conflicts or dynamics that emerged

What four medias can be used when selecting for psychodynamic groups?

Clay/Sculpting, Painting/Drawing, Collage, Role-Playing/Drama

For patients/clients are psychodynamic approaches beneficial?

Psychodynamic approaches are often beneficial for clients struggling with;Personality disorders ,Complex trauma, Individuals with persistent interpersonal difficultiesClients who have difficulty verbalizing their feelings or who use intellectualization as a primary defense.

What background knowledge is required to be a therapist in the psychodynamic approach?

significant training and experience in psychodynamic theory and group dynamics.

The continuum spans

behavioral approaches (Skinner, Pavlov, Bandura), Biomechanical & rehabilitative approaches (Denton, Mosey, Trombly), Cognitive rehabilitation & multicontextual approaches (Toglia, Giles, Abreu), Cognitive behavioral and dialectical therapies (Beck, Ellis, Bandura, Linehan)

What is only valid only for scientific intervention

observable/measurable behavior

What is positive or negative reinforcement

Rewards (e.g., praise, money). OR Removal of aversive stimuli

What is involved in group intervention techniques when dealing with Cognitive Rehabilitation?

Strategy transfer continuum, Groups are homogeneous in cognitive level,Use of multicontextual cues

What does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) focus, and What are the aspects involved when used occupational therapy application?

thoughts influence behavior; changing thinking = changing behavior OR knowledge, emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness

What aspect does Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) integrate

integrates acceptance and change

Activity should focus on what, according to behavioral and cognitive aproachs

instruction and practice

What is function? (referring to -Dysfunction Continuum)

Ability to use logical reasoning to cope with life problems, self-manage.

What is dysfunction? (referring to Function–Dysfunction Continuum)

Maladaptive behaviors, distorted thinking patterns, impaired insight.

The behavioral-cognitive continumm provides what aspect for group interventions in OT?

The behavioral-cognitive continuum provides a practical, structured foundation for designing group interventions in OT.

What are the 3 required assessment considerations when dealing with Mental Health of Older Adults?

Standardized Assessments Clinical observation Client Interview

Define promoting participation and social connection

Reducing social isolation through group activities, community participation, and facilitating connections with family and friends.

What 3 aspects are the key to Practice Settings with older adults?

holistic assessment Interdisciplinary Team Advocacy

What do Narrative notes do?

Outline broader goals for the entire group OR Consider short-term goal

What does The Group Chart include?

a narrative describing the activities of the group and the interactions of the group members. A list of patients in attendance with specific goal-oriented information about each.

Why are Medial charts crucial?

Medical charts communicate client progress toward overall goals and are crucial for reimbursement from third-party payers

What does the acronym SOAP stand for?

Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan

What is noted in the initial assessment?

Reports the client’s problem areas and their perspective on achievable occupational goals.

What types of areas that are addressed most often with Achieving Goals

self-management of wellness/prevention

What is Primary Care?

What; Provision of integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community

Which intervention in is ideally suited for integrated services

Behavioral health intervention under the primary care model is ideally suited for integrated services.

What is Multi-morbidity?

presence of two or more chronic conditions

Why behavioral health services so crucial in primary care?

Promotes better health outcomes for those with mixed physical and mental health issues, addiction, or behavioral health needs from chronic physical conditions.

What are the various models of primary care?

preferred model from a medical perspective OR Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH), Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs)

What contribution do OT make to teams?

facilitates positive client outcomes; interprofessional collaborative practice

What is Community Behavioral Health Centers?

Early 1960s optimism for community-based mental illness care.

What did the Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 result with?

Act often resulting with Underfunding, poorly defined missions, lack of training/support for qualified providers, fragmented service delivery

Why is Behavioral Health preferred term?

umbrella term for care addressing any behavioral problems bearing on health (mental health, substance abuse conditions)

What is is harm reduction?

public health philosophy and intervention to reduce harms associated with drug use and ineffective drug policies

How do the determinants of physical And mentla health factor in?

rapid social change, stressful work conditions, gender discrimination, social exclusion, unhealthy lifestyle, physical ill-health, human rights violations

What is Trauma Informed Care (TIC)?

model to foster healthy communities and provide prevention/early intervention

What id the need behind Community Partners

The need for OTs to take a more proactive role in developing community partners.

Key take aways of environmental factors regarding community.

The environment isn’t a backdrop—it’s a central actor in shaping health and occupation; Key OT models

Why should various environments be considered when assessing key aspects?

built, virtual, and natural spaces must be considered together for comprehensive care; This is because many children may depend on this access.

How does OT provide for the environment and their clients ?

client can more easily develop skills, be in an environments that create their success.

What is a kawa model?

a metaphoric river model that views context and environment as influencing flow.

What is Universal Design?

design of environments usable by all, to the greatest extent possible, regardless of ability.

Tell me about outdoor kids OT

peer play groups combining therapy with nature to support inclusion.

What is Green Care?

therapy that is based on: connectedness, nature contact, exercise, work (as occupation).

What are the four components of assessment considerations ?

Analyzing Parent-Child Interactions, Identifying Red Flags,Sensory Processing and Attachment and Sensory Processing